Sec. 16.001. EFFECT OF DISABILITY. (a) For the purposes of this subchapter, a person is under a legal disability if the person is:
(1) younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the person is married; or
(2) of unsound mind.
(b) If a person entitled to bring a personal action is under a legal disability when the cause of action accrues, the time of the disability is not included in a limitations period.
(c) A person may not tack one legal disability to another to extend a limitations period.
(d) A disability that arises after a limitations period starts does not suspend the running of the period.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1049, Sec. 56, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.
Sec. 16.002. ONE-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) A person must bring suit for malicious prosecution, libel, slander, or breach of promise of marriage not later than one year after the day the cause of action accrues.
(b) A person must bring suit to set aside a sale of property seized under Subchapter E, Chapter 33, Tax Code, not later than one year after the date the property is sold.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 1017, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
Sec. 16.003. TWO-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) Except as provided by Sections 16.010, 16.0031, and 16.0045, a person must bring suit for trespass for injury to the estate or to the property of another, conversion of personal property, taking or detaining the personal property of another, personal injury, forcible entry and detainer, and forcible detainer not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues.
(b) A person must bring suit not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues in an action for injury resulting in death. The cause of action accrues on the death of the injured person.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 26, Sec. 2, eff. May 1, 1997.
Amended by:
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 97 (S.B. 15), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005.
Sec. 16.0031. ASBESTOS-RELATED OR SILICA-RELATED INJURIES. (a) In an action for personal injury or death resulting from an asbestos-related injury, as defined by Section 90.001, the cause of action accrues for purposes of Section 16.003 on the earlier of the following dates:
(1) the date of the exposed person’s death; or
(2) the date that the claimant serves on a defendant a report complying with Section 90.003 or 90.010(f).
(b) In an action for personal injury or death resulting from a silica-related injury, as defined by Section 90.001, the cause of action accrues for purposes of Section 16.003 on the earlier of the following dates:
(1) the date of the exposed person’s death; or
(2) the date that the claimant serves on a defendant a report complying with Section 90.004 or 90.010(f).
Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 97 (S.B. 15), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005.
Sec. 16.004. FOUR-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) A person must bring suit on the following actions not later than four years after the day the cause of action accrues:
(1) specific performance of a contract for the conveyance of real property;
(2) penalty or damages on the penal clause of a bond to convey real property;
(3) debt;
(4) fraud; or
(5) breach of fiduciary duty.
(b) A person must bring suit on the bond of an executor, administrator, or guardian not later than four years after the day of the death, resignation, removal, or discharge of the executor, administrator, or guardian.
(c) A person must bring suit against his partner for a settlement of partnership accounts, and must bring an action on an open or stated account, or on a mutual and current account concerning the trade of merchandise between merchants or their agents or factors, not later than four years after the day that the cause of action accrues. For purposes of this subsection, the cause of action accrues on the day that the dealings in which the parties were interested together cease.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 950, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 30, 1999.
This section was amended by the 84th Legislature. Pending publication of the current statutes, see H.B. 189, 84th Legislature, Regular Session, for amendments affecting this section.
Sec. 16.0045. FIVE-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) A person must bring suit for personal injury not later than five years after the day the cause of action accrues if the injury arises as a result of conduct that violates:
(1) Section 22.011, Penal Code (sexual assault);
(2) Section 22.021, Penal Code (aggravated sexual assault);
(3) Section 21.02, Penal Code (continuous sexual abuse of young child or children);
(4) Section 20A.02, Penal Code (trafficking of persons); or
(b) In an action for injury resulting in death arising as a result of conduct described by Subsection (a), the cause of action accrues on the death of the injured person.
(c) The limitations period under this section is tolled for a suit on the filing of a petition by any person in an appropriate court alleging that the identity of the defendant in the suit is unknown and designating the unknown defendant as “John or Jane Doe.” The person filing the petition shall proceed with due diligence to discover the identity of the defendant and amend the petition by substituting the real name of the defendant for “John or Jane Doe” not later than the 30th day after the date that the defendant is identified to the plaintiff. The limitations period begins running again on the date that the petition is amended.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 1, eff. June 15, 1995.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.01, eff. September 1, 2007.
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 3.01, eff. September 1, 2011.
Sec. 16.005. ACTION FOR CLOSING STREET OR ROAD. (a) A person must bring suit for any relief from the following acts not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues:
(1) the passage by a governing body of an incorporated city or town of an ordinance closing and abandoning, or attempting to close and abandon, all or any part of a public street or alley in the city or town, other than a state highway; or
(2) the adoption by a commissioners court of an order closing and abandoning, or attempting to close and abandon, all or any part of a public road or thoroughfare in the county, other than a state highway.
(b) The cause of action accrues when the order or ordinance is passed or adopted.
(c) If suit is not brought within the period provided by this section, the person in possession of the real property receives complete title to the property by limitations and the right of the city or county to revoke or rescind the order or ordinance is barred.
Sec. 16.006. CARRIERS OF PROPERTY. (a) A carrier of property for compensation or hire must bring suit for the recovery of charges not later than three years after the day on which the cause of action accrues.
(b) Except as provided by Subsections (c) and (d), a person must bring suit for overcharges against a carrier of property for compensation or hire not later than three years after the cause of action accrues.
(c) If the person has presented a written claim for the overcharges within the three-year period, the limitations period is extended for six months from the date written notice is given by the carrier to the claimant of disallowance of the claim in whole or in part, as specified in the carrier’s notice.
(d) If on or before the expiration of the three-year period, the carrier brings an action under Subsection (a) to recover charges relating to the service or, without beginning an action, collects charges relating to that service, the limitations period is extended for 90 days from the day on which the action is begun or the charges are collected.
(e) A cause of action regarding a shipment of property accrues on the delivery or tender of the property by the carrier.
(f) In this section, “overcharge” means a charge for transportation services in excess of the lawfully applicable amount.
Sec. 16.007. RETURN OF EXECUTION. A person must bring suit against a sheriff or other officer or the surety of the sheriff or officer for failure to return an execution issued in the person’s favor, not later than five years after the date on which the execution was returnable.
Sec. 16.008. ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, INTERIOR DESIGNERS, AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS FURNISHING DESIGN, PLANNING, OR INSPECTION OF CONSTRUCTION OF IMPROVEMENTS. (a) A person must bring suit for damages for a claim listed in Subsection (b) against a registered or licensed architect, engineer, interior designer, or landscape architect in this state, who designs, plans, or inspects the construction of an improvement to real property or equipment attached to real property, not later than 10 years after the substantial completion of the improvement or the beginning of operation of the equipment in an action arising out of a defective or unsafe condition of the real property, the improvement, or the equipment.
(b) This section applies to suit for:
(1) injury, damage, or loss to real or personal property;
(2) personal injury;
(3) wrongful death;
(4) contribution; or
(5) indemnity.
(c) If the claimant presents a written claim for damages, contribution, or indemnity to the architect, engineer, interior designer, or landscape architect within the 10-year limitations period, the period is extended for two years from the day the claim is presented.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 860, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
Sec. 16.009. PERSONS FURNISHING CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR OF IMPROVEMENTS. (a) A claimant must bring suit for damages for a claim listed in Subsection (b) against a person who constructs or repairs an improvement to real property not later than 10 years after the substantial completion of the improvement in an action arising out of a defective or unsafe condition of the real property or a deficiency in the construction or repair of the improvement.
(b) This section applies to suit for:
(1) injury, damage, or loss to real or personal property;
(2) personal injury;
(3) wrongful death;
(4) contribution; or
(5) indemnity.
(c) If the claimant presents a written claim for damages, contribution, or indemnity to the person performing or furnishing the construction or repair work during the 10-year limitations period, the period is extended for two years from the date the claim is presented.
(d) If the damage, injury, or death occurs during the 10th year of the limitations period, the claimant may bring suit not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues.
(e) This section does not bar an action:
(1) on a written warranty, guaranty, or other contract that expressly provides for a longer effective period;
(2) against a person in actual possession or control of the real property at the time that the damage, injury, or death occurs; or
(3) based on wilful misconduct or fraudulent concealment in connection with the performance of the construction or repair.
(f) This section does not extend or affect a period prescribed for bringing an action under any other law of this state.
Sec. 16.010. MISAPPROPRIATION OF TRADE SECRETS. (a) A person must bring suit for misappropriation of trade secrets not later than three years after the misappropriation is discovered or by the exercise of reasonable diligence should have been discovered.
(b) A misappropriation of trade secrets that continues over time is a single cause of action and the limitations period described by Subsection (a) begins running without regard to whether the misappropriation is a single or continuing act.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 26, Sec. 1, eff. May 1, 1997.
Sec. 16.011. SURVEYORS. (a) A person must bring suit for damages arising from an injury or loss caused by an error in a survey conducted by a registered public surveyor or a licensed state land surveyor:
(1) not later than 10 years after the date the survey is completed if the survey is completed on or after September 1, 1989; or
(2) not later than September 1, 1991, or 10 years after the date the survey was completed, whichever is later, if the survey was completed before September 1, 1989.
(b) If the claimant presents a written claim for damages to the surveyor during the 10-year limitations period, the period is extended for two years from the date the claim is presented.
(c) This section is a statute of repose and is independent of any other limitations period.
Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1233, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1173, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
Sec. 16.012. PRODUCTS LIABILITY. (a) In this section:
(1) “Claimant,” “seller,” and “manufacturer” have the meanings assigned by Section 82.001.
(2) “Products liability action” means any action against a manufacturer or seller for recovery of damages or other relief for harm allegedly caused by a defective product, whether the action is based in strict tort liability, strict products liability, negligence, misrepresentation, breach of express or implied warranty, or any other theory or combination of theories, and whether the relief sought is recovery of damages or any other legal or equitable relief, including a suit for:
(A) injury or damage to or loss of real or personal property;
(B) personal injury;
(C) wrongful death;
(D) economic loss; or
(E) declaratory, injunctive, or other equitable relief.
(b) Except as provided by Subsections (c), (d), and (d-1), a claimant must commence a products liability action against a manufacturer or seller of a product before the end of 15 years after the date of the sale of the product by the defendant.
(c) If a manufacturer or seller expressly warrants in writing that the product has a useful safe life of longer than 15 years, a claimant must commence a products liability action against that manufacturer or seller of the product before the end of the number of years warranted after the date of the sale of the product by that seller.
(d) This section does not apply to a products liability action seeking damages for personal injury or wrongful death in which the claimant alleges:
(1) the claimant was exposed to the product that is the subject of the action before the end of 15 years after the date the product was first sold;
(2) the claimant’s exposure to the product caused the claimant’s disease that is the basis of the action; and
(3) the symptoms of the claimant’s disease did not, before the end of 15 years after the date of the first sale of the product by the defendant, manifest themselves to a degree and for a duration that would put a reasonable person on notice that the person suffered some injury.
(d-1) This section does not reduce a limitations period for a cause of action described by Subsection (d) that accrues before the end of the limitations period under this section.
(e) This section does not extend the limitations period within which a products liability action involving the product may be commenced under any other law.
(f) This section applies only to the sale and not to the lease of a product.
(g) This section does not apply to any claim to which the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 (Pub. L. No. 103-298, 108 Stat. 1552 (1994), reprinted in note, 49 U.S.C. Section 40101) or its exceptions are applicable.
Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 5, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1993. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
SUBCHAPTER B. LIMITATIONS OF REAL PROPERTY ACTIONS
Sec. 16.021. DEFINITIONS. In this subchapter:
(1) “Adverse possession” means an actual and visible appropriation of real property, commenced and continued under a claim of right that is inconsistent with and is hostile to the claim of another person.
(2) “Color of title” means a consecutive chain of transfers to the person in possession that:
(A) is not regular because of a muniment that is not properly recorded or is only in writing or because of a similar defect that does not want of intrinsic fairness or honesty; or
(B) is based on a certificate of headright, land warrant, or land scrip.
(3) “Peaceable possession” means possession of real property that is continuous and is not interrupted by an adverse suit to recover the property.
(4) “Title” means a regular chain of transfers of real property from or under the sovereignty of the soil.
Sec. 16.022. EFFECT OF DISABILITY. (a) For the purposes of this subchapter, a person is under a legal disability if the person is:
(1) younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the person is married;
(2) of unsound mind; or
(3) serving in the United States Armed Forces during time of war.
(b) If a person entitled to sue for the recovery of real property or entitled to make a defense based on the title to real property is under a legal disability at the time title to the property vests or adverse possession commences, the time of the disability is not included in a limitations period.
(c) Except as provided by Sections 16.027 and 16.028, after the termination of the legal disability, a person has the same time to present a claim that is allowed to others under this chapter.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1049, Sec. 57, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.
Sec. 16.023. TACKING OF SUCCESSIVE INTERESTS. To satisfy a limitations period, peaceable and adverse possession does not need to continue in the same person, but there must be privity of estate between each holder and his successor.
Sec. 16.024. ADVERSE POSSESSION: THREE-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. A person must bring suit to recover real property held by another in peaceable and adverse possession under title or color of title not later than three years after the day the cause of action accrues.
Sec. 16.025. ADVERSE POSSESSION: FIVE-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) A person must bring suit not later than five years after the day the cause of action accrues to recover real property held in peaceable and adverse possession by another who:
(1) cultivates, uses, or enjoys the property;
(2) pays applicable taxes on the property; and
(3) claims the property under a duly registered deed.
(b) This section does not apply to a claim based on a forged deed or a deed executed under a forged power of attorney.
Sec. 16.026. ADVERSE POSSESSION: 10-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) A person must bring suit not later than 10 years after the day the cause of action accrues to recover real property held in peaceable and adverse possession by another who cultivates, uses, or enjoys the property.
(b) Without a title instrument, peaceable and adverse possession is limited in this section to 160 acres, including improvements, unless the number of acres actually enclosed exceeds 160. If the number of enclosed acres exceeds 160 acres, peaceable and adverse possession extends to the real property actually enclosed.
(c) Peaceable possession of real property held under a duly registered deed or other memorandum of title that fixes the boundaries of the possessor’s claim extends to the boundaries specified in the instrument.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 764, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Sec. 16.027. ADVERSE POSSESSION: 25-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD NOTWITHSTANDING DISABILITY. A person, regardless of whether the person is or has been under a legal disability, must bring suit not later than 25 years after the day the cause of action accrues to recover real property held in peaceable and adverse possession by another who cultivates, uses, or enjoys the property.
Sec. 16.028. ADVERSE POSSESSION WITH RECORDED INSTRUMENT: 25-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) A person, regardless of whether the person is or has been under a legal disability, may not maintain an action for the recovery of real property held for 25 years before the commencement of the action in peaceable and adverse possession by another who holds the property in good faith and under a deed or other instrument purporting to convey the property that is recorded in the deed records of the county where any part of the real property is located.
(b) Adverse possession of any part of the real property held under a recorded deed or other recorded instrument that purports to convey the property extends to and includes all of the property described in the instrument, even though the instrument is void on its face or in fact.
(c) A person who holds real property and claims title under this section has a good and marketable title to the property regardless of a disability arising at any time in the adverse claimant or a person claiming under the adverse claimant.
Sec. 16.029. EVIDENCE OF TITLE TO LAND BY LIMITATIONS. (a) In a suit involving title to real property that is not claimed by this state, it is prima facie evidence that the title to the property has passed from the person holding apparent record title to an opposing party if it is shown that:
(1) for one or more years during the 25 years preceding the filing of the suit the person holding apparent record title to the property did not exercise dominion over or pay taxes on the property; and
(2) during that period the opposing parties and those whose estate they own have openly exercised dominion over and have asserted a claim to the land and have paid taxes on it annually before becoming delinquent for as long as 25 years.
(b) This section does not affect a statute of limitations, a right to prove title by circumstantial evidence under the case law of this state, or a suit between a trustee and a beneficiary of the trust.
Sec. 16.030. TITLE THROUGH ADVERSE POSSESSION. (a) If an action for the recovery of real property is barred under this chapter, the person who holds the property in peaceable and adverse possession has full title, precluding all claims.
(b) A person may not acquire through adverse possession any right or title to real property dedicated to public use.
Sec. 16.031. ENCLOSED LAND. (a) A tract of land that is owned by one person and that is entirely surrounded by land owned, claimed, or fenced by another is not considered enclosed by a fence that encloses any part of the surrounding land.
(b) Possession of the interior tract by the owner or claimant of the surrounding land is not peaceable and adverse possession as described by Section 16.026 unless:
(1) the interior tract is separated from the surrounding land by a fence; or
(2) at least one-tenth of the interior tract is cultivated and used for agricultural purposes or is used for manufacturing purposes.
Sec. 16.032. ADJACENT LAND. Possession of land that belongs to another by a person owning or claiming 5,000 or more fenced acres that adjoin the land is not peaceable and adverse as described by Section 16.026 unless:
(1) the land is separated from the adjacent enclosed tract by a substantial fence;
(2) at least one-tenth of the land is cultivated and used for agricultural purposes or used for manufacturing purposes; or
Sec. 16.033. TECHNICAL DEFECTS IN INSTRUMENT. (a) A person with a right of action for the recovery of real property or an interest in real property conveyed by an instrument with one of the following defects must bring suit not later than two years after the day the instrument was filed for record with the county clerk of the county where the real property is located:
(1) lack of the signature of a proper corporate officer, partner, or company officer, manager, or member;
(2) lack of a corporate seal;
(3) failure of the record to show the corporate seal used;
(4) failure of the record to show authority of the board of directors or stockholders of a corporation, partners of a partnership, or officers, managers, or members of a company;
(5) execution and delivery of the instrument by a corporation, partnership, or other company that had been dissolved, whose charter had expired, or whose franchise had been canceled, withdrawn, or forfeited;
(6) acknowledgment of the instrument in an individual, rather than a representative or official, capacity;
(7) execution of the instrument by a trustee without record of the authority of the trustee or proof of the facts recited in the instrument;
(8) failure of the record or instrument to show an acknowledgment or jurat that complies with applicable law; or
(9) wording of the stated consideration that may or might create an implied lien in favor of the grantor.
(b) This section does not apply to a forged instrument.
(c) For the purposes of this section, an instrument affecting real property containing a ministerial defect, omission, or informality in the certificate of acknowledgment that has been filed for record for longer than two years in the office of the county recorder of the county in which the property is located is considered to have been lawfully recorded and to be notice of the existence of the instrument on and after the date the instrument is filed.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 291, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 819 (S.B. 1781), Sec. 1, eff. June 15, 2007.
Sec. 16.034. ATTORNEY’S FEES. (a) In a suit for the possession of real property between a person claiming under record title to the property and one claiming by adverse possession, if the prevailing party recovers possession of the property from a person unlawfully in actual possession, the court:
(1) shall award costs and reasonable attorney’s fees to the prevailing party if the court finds that the person unlawfully in actual possession made a claim of adverse possession that was groundless and made in bad faith; and
(2) may award costs and reasonable attorney’s fees to the prevailing party in the absence of a finding described by Subdivision (1).
(b) To recover attorney’s fees, the person seeking possession must give the person unlawfully in possession a written demand for that person to vacate the premises. The demand must be given by registered or certified mail at least 10 days before filing the claim for recovery of possession.
(c) The demand must state that if the person unlawfully in possession does not vacate the premises within 10 days and a claim is filed by the person seeking possession, the court may enter a judgment against the person unlawfully in possession for costs and attorney’s fees in an amount determined by the court to be reasonable.
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 901 (H.B. 556), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.
Sec. 16.035. LIEN ON REAL PROPERTY. (a) A person must bring suit for the recovery of real property under a real property lien or the foreclosure of a real property lien not later than four years after the day the cause of action accrues.
(b) A sale of real property under a power of sale in a mortgage or deed of trust that creates a real property lien must be made not later than four years after the day the cause of action accrues.
(c) The running of the statute of limitations is not suspended against a bona fide purchaser for value, a lienholder, or a lessee who has no notice or knowledge of the suspension of the limitations period and who acquires an interest in the property when a cause of action on an outstanding real property lien has accrued for more than four years, except as provided by:
(1) Section 16.062, providing for suspension in the event of death; or
(2) Section 16.036, providing for recorded extensions of real property liens.
(d) On the expiration of the four-year limitations period, the real property lien and a power of sale to enforce the real property lien become void.
(e) If a series of notes or obligations or a note or obligation payable in installments is secured by a real property lien, the four-year limitations period does not begin to run until the maturity date of the last note, obligation, or installment.
(f) The limitations period under this section is not affected by Section 3.118, Business & Commerce Code.
(g) In this section, “real property lien” means:
(1) a superior title retained by a vendor in a deed of conveyance or a purchase money note; or
(2) a vendor’s lien, a mortgage, a deed of trust, a voluntary mechanic’s lien, or a voluntary materialman’s lien on real estate, securing a note or other written obligation.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 219, Sec. 1, eff. May 23, 1997.
Sec. 16.036. EXTENSION OF REAL PROPERTY LIEN. (a) The party or parties primarily liable for a debt or obligation secured by a real property lien, as that term is defined in Section 16.035, may suspend the running of the four-year limitations period for real property liens through a written extension agreement as provided by this section.
(b) The limitations period is suspended and the lien remains in effect for four years after the extended maturity date of the debt or obligation if the extension agreement is:
(1) signed and acknowledged as provided by law for a deed conveying real property; and
(2) filed for record in the county clerk’s office of the county where the real property is located.
(c) The parties may continue to extend the lien by entering, acknowledging, and recording additional extension agreements.
(d) The maturity date stated in the original instrument or in the date of the recorded renewal and extension is conclusive evidence of the maturity date of the debt or obligation.
(e) The limitations period under this section is not affected by Section 3.118, Business & Commerce Code.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 219, Sec. 2, eff. May 23, 1997.
Sec. 16.037. EFFECT OF EXTENSION OF REAL PROPERTY LIEN ON THIRD PARTIES. An extension agreement is void as to a bona fide purchaser for value, a lienholder, or a lessee who deals with real property affected by a real property lien without actual notice of the agreement and before the agreement is acknowledged, filed, and recorded.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 219, Sec. 3, eff. May 23, 1997.
SUBCHAPTER C. RESIDUAL LIMITATIONS PERIOD
Sec. 16.051. RESIDUAL LIMITATIONS PERIOD. Every action for which there is no express limitations period, except an action for the recovery of real property, must be brought not later than four years after the day the cause of action accrues.
Sec. 16.061. RIGHTS NOT BARRED. (a) A right of action of this state or a political subdivision of the state, including a county, an incorporated city or town, a navigation district, a municipal utility district, a port authority, an entity acting under Chapter 54, Transportation Code, a school district, or an entity created under Section 52, Article III, or Section 59, Article XVI, Texas Constitution, is not barred by any of the following sections: 16.001-16.004, 16.006, 16.007, 16.021-16.028, 16.030-16.032, 16.035-16.037, 16.051, 16.062, 16.063, 16.065-16.067, 16.070, 16.071, 31.006, or 71.021.
(b) In this section:
(1) “Navigation district” means a navigation district organized under Section 52, Article III, or Section 59, Article XVI, Texas Constitution.
(2) “Port authority” has the meaning assigned by Section 60.402, Water Code.
(3) “Municipal utility district” means a municipal utility district created under Section 52, Article III, or Section 59, Article XVI, Texas Constitution.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 2, Sec. 4.02, eff. Aug. 28, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 782, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 30, 1993; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1070, Sec. 47, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 8.204, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
Sec. 16.062. EFFECT OF DEATH. (a) The death of a person against whom or in whose favor there may be a cause of action suspends the running of an applicable statute of limitations for 12 months after the death.
(b) If an executor or administrator of a decedent’s estate qualifies before the expiration of the period provided by this section, the statute of limitations begins to run at the time of the qualification.
Sec. 16.063. TEMPORARY ABSENCE FROM STATE. The absence from this state of a person against whom a cause of action may be maintained suspends the running of the applicable statute of limitations for the period of the person’s absence.
Sec. 16.064. EFFECT OF LACK OF JURISDICTION. (a) The period between the date of filing an action in a trial court and the date of a second filing of the same action in a different court suspends the running of the applicable statute of limitations for the period if:
(1) because of lack of jurisdiction in the trial court where the action was first filed, the action is dismissed or the judgment is set aside or annulled in a direct proceeding; and
(2) not later than the 60th day after the date the dismissal or other disposition becomes final, the action is commenced in a court of proper jurisdiction.
(b) This section does not apply if the adverse party has shown in abatement that the first filing was made with intentional disregard of proper jurisdiction.
Sec. 16.065. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF CLAIM. An acknowledgment of the justness of a claim that appears to be barred by limitations is not admissible in evidence to defeat the law of limitations if made after the time that the claim is due unless the acknowledgment is in writing and is signed by the party to be charged.
Sec. 16.066. ACTION ON FOREIGN JUDGMENT. (a) An action on a foreign judgment is barred in this state if the action is barred under the laws of the jurisdiction where rendered.
(b) An action against a person who has resided in this state for 10 years prior to the action may not be brought on a foreign judgment rendered more than 10 years before the commencement of the action in this state.
(c) In this section “foreign judgment” means a judgment or decree rendered in another state or a foreign country.
Sec. 16.067. CLAIM INCURRED PRIOR TO ARRIVAL IN THIS STATE. (a) A person may not bring an action to recover a claim against a person who has moved to this state if the claim is barred by the law of limitations of the state or country from which the person came.
(b) A person may not bring an action to recover money from a person who has moved to this state and who was released from its payment by the bankruptcy or insolvency laws of the state or country from which the person came.
(c) A demand that is against a person who has moved to this state and was incurred prior to his arrival in this state is not barred by the law of limitations until the person has lived in this state for 12 months. This subsection does not affect the application of Subsections (a) and (b).
Sec. 16.068. AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTAL PLEADINGS. If a filed pleading relates to a cause of action, cross action, counterclaim, or defense that is not subject to a plea of limitation when the pleading is filed, a subsequent amendment or supplement to the pleading that changes the facts or grounds of liability or defense is not subject to a plea of limitation unless the amendment or supplement is wholly based on a new, distinct, or different transaction or occurrence.
Sec. 16.069. COUNTERCLAIM OR CROSS CLAIM. (a) If a counterclaim or cross claim arises out of the same transaction or occurrence that is the basis of an action, a party to the action may file the counterclaim or cross claim even though as a separate action it would be barred by limitation on the date the party’s answer is required.
(b) The counterclaim or cross claim must be filed not later than the 30th day after the date on which the party’s answer is required.
Sec. 16.070. CONTRACTUAL LIMITATIONS PERIOD. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), a person may not enter a stipulation, contract, or agreement that purports to limit the time in which to bring suit on the stipulation, contract, or agreement to a period shorter than two years. A stipulation, contract, or agreement that establishes a limitations period that is shorter than two years is void in this state.
(b) This section does not apply to a stipulation, contract, or agreement relating to the sale or purchase of a business entity if a party to the stipulation, contract, or agreement pays or receives or is obligated to pay or entitled to receive consideration under the stipulation, contract, or agreement having an aggregate value of not less than $500,000.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 840, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 26, 1991.
Sec. 16.071. NOTICE REQUIREMENTS. (a) A contract stipulation that requires a claimant to give notice of a claim for damages as a condition precedent to the right to sue on the contract is not valid unless the stipulation is reasonable. A stipulation that requires notification within less than 90 days is void.
(b) If notice is required, the claimant may notify any convenient agent of the company that requires the notice.
(c) A contract stipulation between the operator of a railroad, street railway, or interurban railroad and an employee or servant of the operator is void if it requires as a condition precedent to liability:
(1) the employee or servant to notify the system of a claim for damages for personal injury caused by negligence; or
(2) the spouse, parent, or child of a deceased employee or servant to notify the system of a claim of death caused by negligence.
(d) This section applies to a contract between a federal prime contractor and a subcontractor, except that the notice period stipulated in the subcontract may be for a period not less than the period stipulated in the prime contract, minus seven days.
(e) In a suit covered by this section or Section 16.070, it is presumed that any required notice has been given unless lack of notice is specifically pleaded under oath.
(f) This section does not apply to a contract relating to the sale or purchase of a business entity if a party to the contract pays or receives or is obligated to pay or receive consideration under the contract having an aggregate value of not less than $500,000.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 840, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 26, 1991.
Sec. 16.072. SATURDAY, SUNDAY, OR HOLIDAY. If the last day of a limitations period under any statute of limitations falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or holiday, the period for filing suit is extended to include the next day that the county offices are open for business.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
TEXAS CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE CHAPTER 33. PROPORTIONATE RESPONSIBILITY
CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE
TITLE 2. TRIAL, JUDGMENT, AND APPEAL
SUBTITLE C. JUDGMENTS
CHAPTER 33. PROPORTIONATE RESPONSIBILITY
SUBCHAPTER A. PROPORTIONATE RESPONSIBILITY
Sec. 33.001. PROPORTIONATE RESPONSIBILITY. In an action to which this chapter applies, a claimant may not recover damages if his percentage of responsibility is greater than 50 percent.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.04, eff. Sept. 2, 1987; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 136, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
Sec. 33.002. APPLICABILITY. (a) This chapter applies to:
(1) any cause of action based on tort in which a defendant, settling person, or responsible third party is found responsible for a percentage of the harm for which relief is sought; or
(2) any action brought under the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act (Subchapter E, Chapter 17, Business & Commerce Code) in which a defendant, settling person, or responsible third party is found responsible for a percentage of the harm for which relief is sought.
(b) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.10(1).
(c) This chapter does not apply to:
(1) an action to collect workers’ compensation benefits under the workers’ compensation laws of this state (Subtitle A, Title 5, Labor Code) or actions against an employer for exemplary damages arising out of the death of an employee;
(2) a claim for exemplary damages included in an action to which this chapter otherwise applies; or
(3) a cause of action for damages arising from the manufacture of methamphetamine as described by Chapter 99.
(d) to (h) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.10(1).
Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.05, eff. Sept. 2, 1987. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 380, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 136, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 414, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 643, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.01, 4.10(1), eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
Sec. 33.003. DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE OF RESPONSIBILITY. (a) The trier of fact, as to each cause of action asserted, shall determine the percentage of responsibility, stated in whole numbers, for the following persons with respect to each person’s causing or contributing to cause in any way the harm for which recovery of damages is sought, whether by negligent act or omission, by any defective or unreasonably dangerous product, by other conduct or activity that violates an applicable legal standard, or by any combination of these:
(1) each claimant;
(2) each defendant;
(3) each settling person; and
(4) each responsible third party who has been designated under Section 33.004.
(b) This section does not allow a submission to the jury of a question regarding conduct by any person without sufficient evidence to support the submission.
Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.06, eff. Sept. 2, 1987. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 136, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.02, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
Sec. 33.004. DESIGNATION OF RESPONSIBLE THIRD PARTY. (a) A defendant may seek to designate a person as a responsible third party by filing a motion for leave to designate that person as a responsible third party. The motion must be filed on or before the 60th day before the trial date unless the court finds good cause to allow the motion to be filed at a later date.
(b) Nothing in this section affects the third-party practice as previously recognized in the rules and statutes of this state with regard to the assertion by a defendant of rights to contribution or indemnity. Nothing in this section affects the filing of cross-claims or counterclaims.
(c) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.10(2).
(d) A defendant may not designate a person as a responsible third party with respect to a claimant’s cause of action after the applicable limitations period on the cause of action has expired with respect to the responsible third party if the defendant has failed to comply with its obligations, if any, to timely disclose that the person may be designated as a responsible third party under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.
(e) Repealed by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 203, Sec. 5.02, eff. September 1, 2011.
(f) A court shall grant leave to designate the named person as a responsible third party unless another party files an objection to the motion for leave on or before the 15th day after the date the motion is served.
(g) If an objection to the motion for leave is timely filed, the court shall grant leave to designate the person as a responsible third party unless the objecting party establishes:
(1) the defendant did not plead sufficient facts concerning the alleged responsibility of the person to satisfy the pleading requirement of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure; and
(2) after having been granted leave to replead, the defendant failed to plead sufficient facts concerning the alleged responsibility of the person to satisfy the pleading requirements of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.
(h) By granting a motion for leave to designate a person as a responsible third party, the person named in the motion is designated as a responsible third party for purposes of this chapter without further action by the court or any party.
(i) The filing or granting of a motion for leave to designate a person as a responsible third party or a finding of fault against the person:
(1) does not by itself impose liability on the person; and
(2) may not be used in any other proceeding, on the basis of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or any other legal theory, to impose liability on the person.
(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if, not later than 60 days after the filing of the defendant’s original answer, the defendant alleges in an answer filed with the court that an unknown person committed a criminal act that was a cause of the loss or injury that is the subject of the lawsuit, the court shall grant a motion for leave to designate the unknown person as a responsible third party if:
(1) the court determines that the defendant has pleaded facts sufficient for the court to determine that there is a reasonable probability that the act of the unknown person was criminal;
(2) the defendant has stated in the answer all identifying characteristics of the unknown person, known at the time of the answer; and
(3) the allegation satisfies the pleading requirements of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.
(k) An unknown person designated as a responsible third party under Subsection (j) is denominated as “Jane Doe” or “John Doe” until the person’s identity is known.
(l) After adequate time for discovery, a party may move to strike the designation of a responsible third party on the ground that there is no evidence that the designated person is responsible for any portion of the claimant’s alleged injury or damage. The court shall grant the motion to strike unless a defendant produces sufficient evidence to raise a genuine issue of fact regarding the designated person’s responsibility for the claimant’s injury or damage.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 136, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.03, 4.04, 4.10(2), eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 203 (H.B. 274), Sec. 5.01, eff. September 1, 2011.
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 203 (H.B. 274), Sec. 5.02, eff. September 1, 2011.
SUBCHAPTER B. CONTRIBUTION
Sec. 33.011. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:
(1) “Claimant” means a person seeking recovery of damages, including a plaintiff, counterclaimant, cross-claimant, or third-party plaintiff. In an action in which a party seeks recovery of damages for injury to another person, damage to the property of another person, death of another person, or other harm to another person, “claimant” includes:
(A) the person who was injured, was harmed, or died or whose property was damaged; and
(B) any person who is seeking, has sought, or could seek recovery of damages for the injury, harm, or death of that person or for the damage to the property of that person.
(2) “Defendant” includes any person from whom, at the time of the submission of the case to the trier of fact, a claimant seeks recovery of damages.
(3) “Liable defendant” means a defendant against whom a judgment can be entered for at least a portion of the damages awarded to the claimant.
(4) “Percentage of responsibility” means that percentage, stated in whole numbers, attributed by the trier of fact to each claimant, each defendant, each settling person, or each responsible third party with respect to causing or contributing to cause in any way, whether by negligent act or omission, by any defective or unreasonably dangerous product, by other conduct or activity violative of the applicable legal standard, or by any combination of the foregoing, the personal injury, property damage, death, or other harm for which recovery of damages is sought.
(5) “Settling person” means a person who has, at any time, paid or promised to pay money or anything of monetary value to a claimant in consideration of potential liability with respect to the personal injury, property damage, death, or other harm for which recovery of damages is sought.
(6) “Responsible third party” means any person who is alleged to have caused or contributed to causing in any way the harm for which recovery of damages is sought, whether by negligent act or omission, by any defective or unreasonably dangerous product, by other conduct or activity that violates an applicable legal standard, or by any combination of these. The term “responsible third party” does not include a seller eligible for indemnity under Section 82.002.
(7) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.10(3).
Sec. 33.012. AMOUNT OF RECOVERY. (a) If the claimant is not barred from recovery under Section 33.001, the court shall reduce the amount of damages to be recovered by the claimant with respect to a cause of action by a percentage equal to the claimant’s percentage of responsibility.
(b) If the claimant has settled with one or more persons, the court shall further reduce the amount of damages to be recovered by the claimant with respect to a cause of action by the sum of the dollar amounts of all settlements.
(c) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), if the claimant in a health care liability claim filed under Chapter 74 has settled with one or more persons, the court shall further reduce the amount of damages to be recovered by the claimant with respect to a cause of action by an amount equal to one of the following, as elected by the defendant:
(1) the sum of the dollar amounts of all settlements; or
(2) a percentage equal to each settling person’s percentage of responsibility as found by the trier of fact.
(d) An election made under Subsection (c) shall be made by any defendant filing a written election before the issues of the action are submitted to the trier of fact and when made, shall be binding on all defendants. If no defendant makes this election or if conflicting elections are made, all defendants are considered to have elected Subsection (c)(1).
(e) This section shall not apply to benefits paid by or on behalf of an employer to an employee pursuant to workers’ compensation insurance coverage, as defined in Section 401.011(44), Labor Code, in effect at the time of the act, event, or occurrence made the basis of claimant’s suit.
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 277 (S.B. 890), Sec. 1, eff. June 9, 2005.
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 23.001(6), eff. September 1, 2005.
Sec. 33.013. AMOUNT OF LIABILITY. (a) Except as provided in Subsection (b), a liable defendant is liable to a claimant only for the percentage of the damages found by the trier of fact equal to that defendant’s percentage of responsibility with respect to the personal injury, property damage, death, or other harm for which the damages are allowed.
(b) Notwithstanding Subsection (a), each liable defendant is, in addition to his liability under Subsection (a), jointly and severally liable for the damages recoverable by the claimant under Section 33.012 with respect to a cause of action if:
(1) the percentage of responsibility attributed to the defendant with respect to a cause of action is greater than 50 percent; or
(2) the defendant, with the specific intent to do harm to others, acted in concert with another person to engage in the conduct described in the following provisions of the Penal Code and in so doing proximately caused the damages legally recoverable by the claimant:
(G) Section 22.04 (injury to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual);
(H) Section 32.21 (forgery);
(I) Section 32.43 (commercial bribery);
(J) Section 32.45 (misapplication of fiduciary property or property of financial institution);
(K) Section 32.46 (securing execution of document by deception);
(L) Section 32.47 (fraudulent destruction, removal, or concealment of writing);
(M) conduct described in Chapter 31 the punishment level for which is a felony of the third degree or higher; or
(N) Section 21.02 (continuous sexual abuse of young child or children).
(c) Repealed by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 4.10(5).
(d) This section does not create a cause of action.
(e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary stated in the provisions of the Penal Code listed in Subsection (b)(2), that subsection applies only if the claimant proves the defendant acted or failed to act with specific intent to do harm. A defendant acts with specific intent to do harm with respect to the nature of the defendant’s conduct and the result of the person’s conduct when it is the person’s conscious effort or desire to engage in the conduct for the purpose of doing substantial harm to others.
(f) The jury may not be made aware through voir dire, introduction into evidence, instruction, or any other means that the conduct to which Subsection (b)(2) refers is defined by the Penal Code.
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.02, eff. September 1, 2007.
Sec. 33.015. CONTRIBUTION. (a) If a defendant who is jointly and severally liable under Section 33.013 pays a percentage of the damages for which the defendant is jointly and severally liable greater than his percentage of responsibility, that defendant has a right of contribution for the overpayment against each other liable defendant to the extent that the other liable defendant has not paid the percentage of the damages found by the trier of fact equal to that other defendant’s percentage of responsibility.
(b) As among themselves, each of the defendants who is jointly and severally liable under Section 33.013 is liable for the damages recoverable by the claimant under Section 33.012 in proportion to his respective percentage of responsibility. If a defendant who is jointly and severally liable pays a larger proportion of those damages than is required by his percentage of responsibility, that defendant has a right of contribution for the overpayment against each other defendant with whom he is jointly and severally liable under Section 33.013 to the extent that the other defendant has not paid the proportion of those damages required by that other defendant’s percentage of responsibility.
(c) If for any reason a liable defendant does not pay or contribute the portion of the damages required by his percentage of responsibility, the amount of the damages not paid or contributed by that defendant shall be paid or contributed by the remaining defendants who are jointly and severally liable for those damages. The additional amount to be paid or contributed by each of the defendants who is jointly and severally liable for those damages shall be in proportion to his respective percentage of responsibility.
(d) No defendant has a right of contribution against any settling person.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.11, eff. Sept. 2, 1987; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 136, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
Sec. 33.016. CLAIM AGAINST CONTRIBUTION DEFENDANT. (a) In this section, “contribution defendant” means any defendant, counterdefendant, or third-party defendant from whom any party seeks contribution with respect to any portion of damages for which that party may be liable, but from whom the claimant seeks no relief at the time of submission.
(b) Each liable defendant is entitled to contribution from each person who is not a settling person and who is liable to the claimant for a percentage of responsibility but from whom the claimant seeks no relief at the time of submission. A party may assert this contribution right against any such person as a contribution defendant in the claimant’s action.
(c) The trier of fact shall determine as a separate issue or finding of fact the percentage of responsibility with respect to each contribution defendant and these findings shall be solely for purposes of this section and Section 33.015 and not as a part of the percentages of responsibility determined under Section 33.003. Only the percentage of responsibility of each defendant and contribution defendant shall be included in this determination.
(d) As among liable defendants, including each defendant who is jointly and severally liable under Section 33.013, each contribution defendant’s percentage of responsibility is to be included for all purposes of Section 33.015. The amount to be contributed by each contribution defendant pursuant to Section 33.015 shall be in proportion to his respective percentage of responsibility relative to the sum of percentages of responsibility of all liable defendants and liable contribution defendants.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.11A, eff. Sept. 2, 1987; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 136, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
Sec. 33.017. PRESERVATION OF EXISTING RIGHTS OF INDEMNITY. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to affect any rights of indemnity granted by any statute, by contract, or by common law. To the extent of any conflict between this chapter and any right to indemnification granted by statute, contract, or common law, those rights of indemnification shall prevail over the provisions of this chapter.
An express warranty is created by any affirmation of fact or a promise made by a seller to a buyer that is a part of the basis of the bargain. In addition, an express warranty may be created by a description, model, or sample of the goods. A seller breaches an express warranty when the goods fail to “conform to a promise or an affirmation of fact . . . , or the goods do not conform to a description, sample, or model . . . .” Herring v. Home Depot, Inc., 565 S.E.2d 773, 776 (S.C. Ct. App. 2002) (holding that an aggrieved buyer must also establish that the breach caused the damages for which it seeks to recover); see also Yurcic v. Purdue Pharma, L.P., 343 F. Supp. 2d 386, 394 (M.D. Pa. 2004) (holding that to prevail on breach of express warranty claim, a buyer must establish the existence of a warranty, a breach of warranty, and damages proximately caused by the breach)
“Whether an express or implied warranty has been breached is included in the revocation determination only in the sense that a breach of a
warranty could substantially impair the value of the goods to the buyer.”. 139 See U.C.C. § 2-106(2)
It is not necessary to use words like “warranty” or “guarantee” to create express warranties in a contract in Texas. Also, statements of opinion rather than fact , which are called “puffery”, do not create express warranties under Texas law.
TEX BC. CODE ANN. § 2.313 : Texas Statutes – Section 2.313: EXPRESS WARRANTIES BY AFFIRMATION, PROMISE, DESCRIPTION, SAMPLE
(a) Express warranties by the seller are created as follows:(1) Any affirmation of fact or promise made by the seller to the buyer which relates to the goods and becomes part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the goods shall conform to the affirmation or promise.(2) Any description of the goods which is made part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the goods shall conform to the description.(3) Any sample or model which is made part of the basis of the bargain creates an express warranty that the whole of the goods shall conform to the sample or model.(b) It is not necessary to the creation of an express warranty that the seller use formal words such as “warrant” or “guarantee” or that he have a specific intention to make a warranty, but an affirmation merely of the value of the goods or a statement purporting to be merely the seller’s opinion or commendation of the goods does not create a warranty.Acts 1967, 60th Leg., p. 2343, ch. 785, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1967. – See more at: http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/txstatutes/BC/1/2/C/2.313#sthash.nshSm46H.dpuf
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
PROPERTY CODE
TITLE 5. EXEMPT PROPERTY AND LIENS
SUBTITLE B. LIENS
CHAPTER 53. MECHANIC’S, CONTRACTOR’S, OR MATERIALMAN’S LIEN
SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 53.001. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:
(1) “Contract price” means the cost to the owner for any part of construction or repair performed
under an original contract.
(2) “Improvement” includes:
(A) abutting sidewalks and streets and utilities in or on those sidewalks and streets;
(B) clearing, grubbing, draining, or fencing of land;
(C) wells, cisterns, tanks, reservoirs, or artificial lakes or pools made for supplying or storing
water;
(D) pumps, siphons, and windmills or other machinery or apparatuses used for raising water for
stock, domestic use, or irrigation; and
(E) planting orchard trees, grubbing out orchards and replacing trees, and pruning of orchard
trees.
(3) “Labor” means labor used in the direct prosecution of the work.
(4) “Material” means all or part of:
(A) the material, machinery, fixtures, or tools incorporated into the work, consumed in the direct
prosecution of the work, or ordered and delivered for incorporation or consumption;
(B) rent at a reasonable rate and actual running repairs at a reasonable cost for construction
equipment used or reasonably required and delivered for use in the direct prosecution of the work
at the site of the construction or repair; or
(C) power, water, fuel, and lubricants consumed or ordered and delivered for consumption in the
direct prosecution of the work.
(5) “Mechanic’s lien” means the lien provided by this chapter.
(6) “Original contract” means an agreement to which an owner is a party either directly or by
implication of law.
(7) “Original contractor” means a person contracting with an owner either directly or through the
owner’s agent.
(8) “Residence” means a single-family house, duplex, triplex, or quadruplex or a unit in a
multiunit structure used for residential purposes that is:
(A) owned by one or more adult persons; and
(B) used or intended to be used as a dwelling by one of the owners.
(9) “Residential construction contract” means a contract between an owner and a contractor in
which the contractor agrees to construct or repair the owner’s residence, including improvements
appurtenant to the residence.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 1 OF 43
(10) “Residential construction project” means a project for the construction or repair of a new or
existing residence, including improvements appurtenant to the residence, as provided by a
residential construction contract.
(11) “Retainage” means an amount representing part of a contract payment that is not required to
be paid to the claimant within the month following the month in which labor is performed,
material is furnished, or specially fabricated material is delivered. The term does not include
retainage under Subchapter E.
(12) “Specially fabricated material” means material fabricated for use as a component of the
construction or repair so as to be reasonably unsuitable for use elsewhere.
(13) “Subcontractor” means a person who has furnished labor or materials to fulfill an obligation
to an original contractor or to a subcontractor to perform all or part of the work required by an
original contract.
(14) “Work” means any part of construction or repair performed under an original contract.
(15) “Completion” of an original contract means the actual completion of the work, including
any extras or change orders reasonably required or contemplated under the original contract,
other than warranty work or replacement or repair of the work performed under the contract.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3533, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th
Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.002. MORE THAN ONE ORIGINAL CONTRACTOR. On any work there may be
more than one original contractor for purposes of this chapter.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3535, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.003. NOTICES. (a) This section applies to notices required by Subchapters B through
G and K.
(b) Any notice or other written communication may be delivered in person to the party entitled
to the notice or to that party’s agent, regardless of the manner prescribed by law.
(c) If notice is sent by registered or certified mail, deposit or mailing of the notice in the United
States mail in the form required constitutes compliance with the notice requirement. This
subsection does not apply if the law requires receipt of the notice by the person to whom it is
directed.
(d) If a written notice is received by the person entitled to receive it, the method by which the
notice was delivered is immaterial.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3535, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th
Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
SUBCHAPTER B. PERSONS ENTITLED TO LIEN; SUBJECT PROPERTY
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 2 OF 43
Sec. 53.021. PERSONS ENTITLED TO LIEN. (a) A person has a lien if:
(1) the person labors, specially fabricates material, or furnishes labor or materials for
construction or repair in this state of:
(A) a house, building, or improvement;
(B) a levee or embankment to be erected for the reclamation of overflow land along a river or
creek; or
(C) a railroad; and
(2) the person labors, specially fabricates the material, or furnishes the labor or materials under
or by virtue of a contract with the owner or the owner’s agent, trustee, receiver, contractor, or
subcontractor.
(b) A person who specially fabricates material has a lien even if the material is not delivered.
(c) An architect, engineer, or surveyor who prepares a plan or plat under or by virtue of a written
contract with the owner or the owner’s agent, trustee, or receiver in connection with the actual or
proposed design, construction, or repair of improvements on real property or the location of the
boundaries of real property has a lien on the property.
(d) A person who provides labor, plant material, or other supplies for the installation of
landscaping for a house, building, or improvement, including the construction of a retention
pond, retaining wall, berm, irrigation system, fountain, or other similar installation, under or by
virtue of a written contract with the owner or the owner’s agent, contractor, subcontractor,
trustee, or receiver has a lien on the property.
(e) A person who performs labor as part of, or who furnishes labor or materials for, the
demolition of a structure on real property under or by virtue of a written contract with the owner
of the property or the owner’s agent, trustee, receiver, contractor, or subcontractor has a lien on
the property.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3535, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 395, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1,
1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 16, Sec. 16.01, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch.
851, Sec. 1, 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 896, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts
2003, 78th Leg., ch. 410, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 1, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
Sec. 53.022. PROPERTY TO WHICH LIEN EXTENDS. (a) The lien extends to the house,
building, fixtures, or improvements, the land reclaimed from overflow, or the railroad and all of
its properties, and to each lot of land necessarily connected or reclaimed.
(b) The lien does not extend to abutting sidewalks, streets, and utilities that are public property.
(c) A lien against land in a city, town, or village extends to each lot on which the house,
building, or improvement is situated or on which the labor was performed.
(d) A lien against land not in a city, town, or village extends to not more than 50 acres on which
the house, building, or improvement is situated or on which the labor was performed.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 3 OF 43
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3536, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.023. PAYMENT SECURED BY LIEN. The lien secures payment for:
(1) the labor done or material furnished for the construction or repair;
(2) the specially fabricated material, even if the material has not been delivered or incorporated
into the construction or repair, less its fair salvage value; or
(3) the preparation of a plan or plat by an architect, engineer, or surveyor in accordance with
Section 53.021(c).
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3536, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th
Leg., ch. 851, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
**
Sec. 53.024. LIMITATION ON SUBCONTRACTOR’S LIEN. The amount of a lien claimed
by a subcontractor may not exceed:
(1) an amount equal to the proportion of the total subcontract price that the sum of the labor
performed, materials furnished, materials specially fabricated, reasonable overhead costs
incurred, and proportionate profit margin bears to the total subcontract price; minus
(2) the sum of previous payments received by the claimant on the subcontract.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3536, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.025. LIMITATION ON ORDINARY RETAINAGE LIEN. A lien for retainage is
valid only for the amount specified to be retained in the contract, including any amendments to
the contract, between the claimant and the original contractor or between the claimant and a
subcontractor.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3537, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.026. SHAM CONTRACT. (a) A person who labors, specially fabricates materials, or
furnishes labor or materials under a direct contractual relationship with another person is
considered to be in direct contractual relationship with the owner and has a lien as an original
contractor, if:
(1) the owner contracted with the other person for the construction or repair of a house, building,
or improvements and the owner can effectively control that person through ownership of voting
stock, interlocking directorships, or otherwise;
(2) the owner contracted with the other person for the construction or repair of a house, building,
or improvements and that other person can effectively control the owner through ownership of
voting stock, interlocking directorships, or otherwise; or
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 4 OF 43
(3) the owner contracted with the other person for the construction or repair of a house, building,
or improvements and the contract was made without good faith intention of the parties that the
other person was to perform the contract.
(b) In this section, “owner” does not include a person who has or claims a security interest only.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3537, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
SUBCHAPTER C. PROCEDURE FOR PERFECTING LIEN
Sec. 53.051. NECESSARY PROCEDURES. To perfect the lien, a person must comply with
this subchapter.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3538, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.052. FILING OF AFFIDAVIT. (a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), the person
claiming the lien must file an affidavit with the county clerk of the county in which the property
is located or into which the railroad extends not later than the 15th day of the fourth calendar
month after the day on which the indebtedness accrues.
(b) A person claiming a lien arising from a residential construction project must file an affidavit
with the county clerk of the county in which the property is located not later than the 15th day of
the third calendar month after the day on which the indebtedness accrues.
(c) The county clerk shall record the affidavit in records kept for that purpose and shall index
and cross-index the affidavit in the names of the claimant, the original contractor, and the owner.
Failure of the county clerk to properly record or index a filed affidavit does not invalidate the
lien.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3538, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.053. ACCRUAL OF INDEBTEDNESS. (a) For purposes of Section 53.052,
indebtedness accrues on a contract under which a plan or plat is prepared, labor was performed,
materials furnished, or specially fabricated materials are to be furnished in accordance with this
section.
(b) Indebtedness to an original contractor accrues:
(1) on the last day of the month in which a written declaration by the original contractor or the
owner is received by the other party to the original contract stating that the original contract has
been terminated; or
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 5 OF 43
(2) on the last day of the month in which the original contract has been completed, finally
settled, or abandoned.
(c) Indebtedness to a subcontractor, or to any person not covered by Subsection (b) or (d), who
has furnished labor or material to an original contractor or to another subcontractor accrues on
the last day of the last month in which the labor was performed or the material furnished.
(d) Indebtedness for specially fabricated material accrues:
(1) on the last day of the last month in which materials were delivered;
(2) on the last day of the last month in which delivery of the last of the material would normally
have been required at the job site; or
(3) on the last day of the month of any material breach or termination of the original contract by
the owner or contractor or of the subcontract under which the specially fabricated material was
furnished.
(e) A claim for retainage accrues on the earliest of the last day of the month in which all work
called for by the contract between the owner and the original contractor has been completed,
finally settled, terminated, or abandoned.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3539, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 851, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1,
1995.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.054. CONTENTS OF AFFIDAVIT. (a) The affidavit must be signed by the person
claiming the lien or by another person on the claimant’s behalf and must contain substantially:
(1) a sworn statement of the amount of the claim;
(2) the name and last known address of the owner or reputed owner;
(3) a general statement of the kind of work done and materials furnished by the claimant and, for
a claimant other than an original contractor, a statement of each month in which the work was
done and materials furnished for which payment is requested;
(4) the name and last known address of the person by whom the claimant was employed or to
whom the claimant furnished the materials or labor;
(5) the name and last known address of the original contractor;
(6) a description, legally sufficient for identification, of the property sought to be charged with
the lien;
(7) the claimant’s name, mailing address, and, if different, physical address; and
(8) for a claimant other than an original contractor, a statement identifying the date each notice
of the claim was sent to the owner and the method by which the notice was sent.
(b) The claimant may attach to the affidavit a copy of any applicable written agreement or
contract and a copy of each notice sent to the owner.
(c) The affidavit is not required to set forth individual items of work done or material furnished
or specially fabricated. The affidavit may use any abbreviations or symbols customary in the
trade.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 6 OF 43
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3540, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.055. NOTICE OF FILED AFFIDAVIT. (a) A person who files an affidavit must
send a copy of the affidavit by registered or certified mail to the owner or reputed owner at the
owner’s last known business or residence address not later than the fifth day after the date the
affidavit is filed with the county clerk.
(b) If the person is not an original contractor, the person must also send a copy of the affidavit to
the original contractor at the original contractor’s last known business or residence address within
the same period.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3540, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 48, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1993;
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 2,
eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.056. DERIVATIVE CLAIMANT: NOTICE TO OWNER OR ORIGINAL
CONTRACTOR. (a) Except as provided by Subchapter K, a claimant other than an original
contractor must give the notice prescribed by this section for the lien to be valid.
(b) If the lien claim arises from a debt incurred by a subcontractor, the claimant must give to the
original contractor written notice of the unpaid balance. The claimant must give the notice not
later than the 15th day of the second month following each month in which all or part of the
claimant’s labor was performed or material delivered. The claimant must give the same notice to
the owner or reputed owner and the original contractor not later than the 15th day of the third
month following each month in which all or part of the claimant’s labor was performed or
material or specially fabricated material was delivered.
(c) If the lien claim arises from a debt incurred by the original contractor, the claimant must give
notice to the owner or reputed owner, with a copy to the original contractor, in accordance with
Subsection (b).
(d) To authorize the owner to withhold funds under Subchapter D, the notice to the owner must
state that if the claim remains unpaid, the owner may be personally liable and the owner’s
property may be subjected to a lien unless:
(1) the owner withholds payments from the contractor for payment of the claim; or
(2) the claim is otherwise paid or settled.
(e) The notice must be sent by registered or certified mail and must be addressed to the owner or
reputed owner or the original contractor, as applicable, at his last known business or residence
address.
(f) A copy of the statement or billing in the usual and customary form is sufficient as notice
under this section.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 7 OF 43
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3540, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.057. DERIVATIVE CLAIMANT: NOTICE FOR CONTRACTUAL
RETAINAGE CLAIM. (a) A claimant may give notice under this section instead of or in
addition to notice under Section 53.056 or 53.252 if the claimant is to labor, furnish labor or
materials, or specially fabricate materials, or has labored, furnished labor or materials, or
specially fabricated materials, under an agreement with an original contractor or a subcontractor
providing for retainage.
(b) The claimant must give the owner or reputed owner notice of contractual retainage not later
than the earlier of:
(1) the 30th day after the date the claimant’s agreement providing for retainage is completed,
terminated, or abandoned; or
(2) the 30th day after the date the original contract is terminated or abandoned.
(b-1) If an agreement for contractual retainage is with a subcontractor, the claimant must also
give the notice of contractual retainage to the original contractor within the period prescribed by
Subsection (b).
(c) The notice must generally state the existence of a requirement for retainage and contain:
(1) the name and address of the claimant; and
(2) if the agreement is with a subcontractor, the name and address of the subcontractor.
(d) The notice must be sent to the last known business or residence address of the owner or
reputed owner or the original contractor, as applicable.
(e) If a claimant gives notice under this section and Section 53.055 or, if the claim relates to a
residential construction project, under this section and Section 53.252, the claimant is not
required to give any other notice as to the retainage.
(f) A claimant has a lien on, and the owner is personally liable to the claimant for, the retained
funds under Subchapter E if the claimant:
(1) gives notice in accordance with this section and:
(A) complies with Subchapter E; or
(B) files an affidavit claiming a lien not later than the earliest of:
(i) the date required for filing an affidavit under Section 53.052;
(ii) the 40th day after the date stated in an affidavit of completion as the date of completion of
the work under the original contract, if the owner sent the claimant notice of an affidavit of
completion in the time and manner required;
(iii) the 40th day after the date of termination or abandonment of the original contract, if the
owner sent the claimant a notice of such termination or abandonment in the time and manner
required; or
(iv) the 30th day after the date the owner sent to the claimant to the claimant’s address provided
in the notice for contractual retainage, as required under Subsection (c), a written notice of
demand for the claimant to file the affidavit claiming a lien; and
(2) gives the notice of the filed affidavit as required by Section 53.055.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 8 OF 43
(g) The written demand under Subsection (f)(1)(B)(iv):
(1) must contain the owner’s name and address and a description, legally sufficient for
identification, of the real property on which the improvement is located;
(2) must state that the claimant must file the lien affidavit not later than the 30th day after the
date the demand is sent; and
(3) is effective only for the amount of contractual retainage earned by the claimant as of the day
the demand was sent.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3541, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1,
1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.058. DERIVATIVE CLAIMANT: NOTICE FOR SPECIALLY FABRICATED
ITEMS. (a) Except as provided by Subchapter K, a claimant who specially fabricates material
must give notice under this section for the lien to be valid.
(b) The claimant must give the owner or reputed owner notice not later than the 15th day of the
second month after the month in which the claimant receives and accepts the order for the
material. If the indebtedness is incurred by a person other than the original contractor, the
claimant must also give notice within that time to the original contractor.
(c) The notice must contain:
(1) a statement that the order has been received and accepted; and
(2) the price of the order.
(d) The notice must be sent by registered or certified mail to the last known business or
residence address of the owner or the reputed owner or the original contractor, as applicable.
(e) In addition to notice under this section, the claimant must give notice under Section 53.056 if
delivery has been made or if the normal delivery time for the job has passed.
(f) The lien of a claimant who accepts an order but fails to give notice under this section is valid
as to delivered items if the claimant has given notice under Section 53.056.
(g) If a retainage agreement consists in whole or part of an obligation to furnish specially
fabricated materials and the claimant has given notice under Section 53.057, the claimant is not
required to give notice under this section.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3542, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 9 OF 43
SUBCHAPTER D. FUNDS WITHHELD BY OWNER FOLLOWING NOTICE
Sec. 53.081. AUTHORITY TO WITHHOLD FUNDS FOR BENEFIT OF CLAIMANTS.
(a) If an owner receives notice under Section 53.056, 53.057, 53.058, 53.252, or 53.253, the
owner may withhold from payments to the original contractor an amount necessary to pay the
claim for which he receives notice.
(b) If notice is sent in a form that substantially complies with Section 53.056 or 53.252, the
owner may withhold the funds immediately on receipt of the notice.
(c) If notice is sent under Section 53.057, the owner may withhold funds immediately on receipt
of a copy of the claimant’s affidavit prepared in accordance with Sections 53.052 through 53.055.
(d) If notice is sent under Section 53.058, the owner may withhold funds immediately on receipt
of the notices sent under Subsection (e) of that section. If notice is sent as provided by Section
53.253(b), the owner may withhold funds immediately on receipt of the notice sent as required by
Section 53.252.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3543, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.082. TIME FOR WHICH FUNDS ARE WITHHELD. Unless payment is made
under Section 53.083 or the claim is otherwise settled, discharged, indemnified against under
Subchapter H or I, or determined to be invalid by a final judgment of a court, the owner shall
retain the funds withheld until:
(1) the time for filing the affidavit of mechanic’s lien has passed; or
(2) if a lien affidavit has been filed, until the lien claim has been satisfied or released.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3544, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.083. PAYMENT TO CLAIMANT ON DEMAND. (a) The claimant may make
written demand for payment of the claim to an owner authorized to withhold funds under this
subchapter. The demand must give notice to the owner that all or part of the claim has accrued
under Section 53.053 or is past due according to the agreement between the parties.
(b) The claimant must send a copy of the demand to the original contractor. The original
contractor may give the owner written notice that the contractor intends to dispute the claim. The
original contractor must give the notice not later than the 30th day after the day he receives the
copy of the demand. If the original contractor does not give the owner timely notice, he is
considered to have assented to the demand and the owner shall pay the claim.
(c) The claimant’s demand may accompany the original notice of nonpayment or of a past-due
claim and may be stamped or written in legible form on the face of the notice.
(d) Unless the lien has been secured, the demand may not be made after expiration of the time
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 10 OF 43
within which the claimant may secure the lien for the claim.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3544, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.084. OWNER’S LIABILITY. (a) Except for the amount required to be retained under
Subchapter E, the owner is not liable for any amount paid to the original contractor before the
owner is authorized to withhold funds under this subchapter.
(b) If the owner has received the notices required by Subchapter C or K, if the lien has been
secured, and if the claim has been reduced to final judgment, the owner is liable and the owner’s
property is subject to a claim for any money paid to the original contractor after the owner was
authorized to withhold funds under this subchapter. The owner is liable for that amount in
addition to any amount for which he is liable under Subchapter E.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3545, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th
Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.085. AFFIDAVIT REQUIRED. (a) Any person who furnishes labor or materials for
the construction of improvements on real property shall, if requested and as a condition of
payment for such labor or materials, provide to the requesting party, or the party’s agent, an
affidavit stating that the person has paid each of the person’s subcontractors, laborers, or
materialmen in full for all labor and materials provided to the person for the construction. In the
event, however, that the person has not paid each of the person’s subcontractors, laborers, or
materialmen in full, the person shall state in the affidavit the amount owed and the name and, if
known, the address and telephone number of each subcontractor, laborer, or materialman to
whom the payment is owed.
(b) The seller of any real property shall, upon request by the purchaser or the purchaser’s agent
prior to closing of the purchase of the real property, provide to the purchaser or the purchaser’s
agent, a written affidavit stating that the seller has paid each of the seller’s contractors, laborers,
or materialmen in full for all labor and materials provided to the seller through the date specified
in the affidavit for any construction of improvements on the real property and that the seller is
not indebted to any person, firm, or corporation by reason of any such construction through the
date specified in the affidavit. In the event that the seller has not paid each of the seller’s
contractors, laborers, or materialmen in full for labor and material provided through the date
specified in the affidavit, the seller shall state in the affidavit the amount owed and the name and,
if known, the address and telephone number of each contractor, laborer, or materialman to whom
the payment is owed.
(c) The affidavit may include:
(1) a waiver or release of lien rights or payment bond claims by the affiant that is conditioned on
the receipt of actual payment or collection of funds when payment is made by check or draft, as
provided by Subchapter L;
(2) a warranty or representation that certain bills or classes of bills will be paid by the affiant
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 11 OF 43
from funds paid in reliance on the affidavit; and
(3) an indemnification by the affiant for any loss or expense resulting from false or incorrect
information in the affidavit.
(d) A person, including a seller, commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or
recklessly makes a false or misleading statement in an affidavit under this section. An offense
under this section is a misdemeanor. A person adjudged guilty of an offense under this section
shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $4,000 or confinement in jail for a term not to exceed
one year or both a fine and confinement. A person may not receive community supervision for
the offense.
(e) A person signing an affidavit under this section is personally liable for any loss or damage
resulting from any false or incorrect information in the affidavit.
Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 578, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1987. Amended by Acts 1989,
71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 13, eff. Sept.
1, 1997.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 2, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
SUBCHAPTER E. REQUIRED RETAINAGE FOR BENEFIT OF LIEN CLAIMANTS
Sec. 53.101. REQUIRED RETAINAGE. (a) During the progress of work under an original
contract for which a mechanic’s lien may be claimed and for 30 days after the work is completed,
the owner shall retain:
(1) 10 percent of the contract price of the work to the owner; or
(2) 10 percent of the value of the work, measured by the proportion that the work done bears to
the work to be done, using the contract price or, if there is no contract price, using the reasonable
value of the completed work.
(b) In this section, “owner” includes the owner’s agent, trustee, or receiver.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3545, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.102. PAYMENT SECURED BY RETAINAGE. The retained funds secure the
payment of artisans and mechanics who perform labor or service and the payment of other
persons who furnish material, material and labor, or specially fabricated material for any
contractor, subcontractor, agent, or receiver in the performance of the work.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3545, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 12 OF 43
Sec. 53.103. LIEN ON RETAINED FUNDS. A claimant has a lien on the retained funds if the
claimant:
(1) sends the notices required by this chapter in the time and manner required; and
(2) except as allowed by Section 53.057(f), files an affidavit claiming a lien not later than the
30th day after the earliest of the date:
(A) the work is completed;
(B) the original contract is terminated; or
(C) the original contractor abandons performance under the original contract.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3545, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
Amended by:
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1003, Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.104. PREFERENCES. (a) Individual artisans and mechanics are entitled to a
preference to the retained funds and shall share proportionately to the extent of their claims for
wages and fringe benefits earned.
(b) After payment of artisans and mechanics who are entitled to a preference under Subsection
(a), other participating claimants share proportionately in the balance of the retained funds.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3546, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Sec. 53.105. OWNER’S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE TO RETAIN. (a) If the owner fails or
refuses to comply with this subchapter, the claimants complying with Subchapter C or this
subchapter have a lien, at least to the extent of the amount that should have been retained from
the original contract under which they are claiming, against the house, building, structure, fixture,
or improvement and all of its properties and against the lot or lots of land necessarily connected.
(b) The claimants share the lien proportionately in accordance with the preference provided by
Section 53.104.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3546, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 2, Sec. 13.02, eff. Aug. 28, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1,
1989.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.106. AFFIDAVIT OF COMPLETION. (a) An owner may file with the county clerk
of the county in which the property is located an affidavit of completion. The affidavit must
contain:
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 13 OF 43
(1) the name and address of the owner;
(2) the name and address of the original contractor;
(3) a description, legally sufficient for identification, of the real property on which the
improvements are located;
(4) a description of the improvements furnished under the original contract;
(5) a statement that the improvements under the original contract have been completed and the
date of completion; and
(6) a conspicuous statement that a claimant may not have a lien on retained funds unless the
claimant files an affidavit claiming a lien not later than the 40th day after the date the work under
the original contract is completed.
(b) A copy of the affidavit must be sent by certified or registered mail to the original contractor
not later than the date the affidavit is filed and to each claimant who sends a notice of lien
liability to the owner under Section 53.056, 53.057, 53.058, 53.252, or 53.253 not later than the
date the affidavit is filed or the 10th day after the date the owner receives the notice of lien
liability, whichever is later.
(c) A copy of the affidavit must also be sent to each person who furnishes labor or materials for
the property and who furnishes the owner with a written request for the copy. The owner must
furnish the copy to the person not later than the date the affidavit is filed or the 10th day after the
date the request is received, whichever is later.
(d) Except as provided by this subsection, an affidavit filed under this section on or before the
10th day after the date of completion of the improvements is prima facie evidence of the date the
work under the original contract is completed for purposes of this subchapter and Section 53.057.
If the affidavit is filed after the 10th day after the date of completion, the date of completion for
purposes of this subchapter and Section 53.057 is the date the affidavit is filed. This subsection
does not apply to a person to whom the affidavit was not sent as required by this section.
(e) Repealed by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 18, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1997,
75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 12, eff. Sept.
1, 1999.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.107. NOTICE RELATING TO TERMINATION OF WORK OR
ABANDONMENT OF PERFORMANCE BY ORIGINAL CONTRACTOR OR OWNER.
(a) Not later than the 10th day after the date an original contract is terminated or the original
contractor abandons performance under the original contract, the owner shall give notice to each
subcontractor who, before the date of termination or abandonment, has:
(1) given notice to the owner as provided by Section 53.056, 53.057, or 53.058; or
(2) sent to the owner by certified or registered mail a written request for notice of termination or
abandonment.
(b) The notice must contain:
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 14 OF 43
(1) the name and address of the owner;
(2) the name and address of the original contractor;
(3) a description, legally sufficient for identification, of the real property on which the
improvements are located;
(4) a general description of the improvements agreed to be furnished under the original contract;
(5) a statement that the original contract has been terminated or that performance under the
contract has been abandoned;
(6) the date of the termination or abandonment; and
(7) a conspicuous statement that a claimant may not have a lien on the retained funds unless the
claimant files an affidavit claiming a lien not later than the 40th day after the date of the
termination or abandonment.
(c) A notice sent in compliance with this section on or before the 10th day after the date of
termination or abandonment is prima facie evidence of the date the original contract was
terminated or work was abandoned for purposes of this subchapter.
(d) If an owner is required to send a notice to a subcontractor under this section and fails to send
the notice, the subcontractor is not required to comply with Section 53.057 to claim retainage and
may claim a lien by filing a lien affidavit as prescribed by Section 53.052.
(e) This section does not apply to a residential construction project.
Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1003, Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
SUBCHAPTER F. PRIORITIES AND PREFERENCES
Sec. 53.121. PREFERENCE OVER OTHER CREDITORS. All subcontractors, laborers,
and materialmen who have a mechanic’s lien have preference over other creditors of the original
contractor.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3546, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
Sec. 53.122. EQUALITY OF MECHANIC’S LIENS. (a) Except as provided by Subchapter
E and Section 53.124(e), perfected mechanic’s liens are on equal footing without reference to the
date of filing the affidavit claiming the lien.
(b) If the proceeds of a foreclosure sale of property are insufficient to discharge all mechanic’s
liens against the property, the proceeds shall be paid pro rata on the perfected mechanic’s liens on
which suit is brought.
(c) This chapter does not affect the contract between the owner and the original contractor as to
the amount, manner, or time of payment of the contract price.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3546, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 15 OF 43
Leg., ch. 851, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.
**
Sec. 53.123. PRIORITY OF MECHANIC’S LIEN OVER OTHER LIENS. (a) Except as
provided by this section, a mechanic’s lien attaches to the house, building, improvements, or
railroad property in preference to any prior lien, encumbrance, or mortgage on the land on which
it is located, and the person enforcing the lien may have the house, building, improvement, or any
piece of the railroad property sold separately.
(b) The mechanic’s lien does not affect any lien, encumbrance, or mortgage on the land or
improvement at the time of the inception of the mechanic’s lien, and the holder of the lien,
encumbrance, or mortgage need not be made a party to a suit to foreclose the mechanic’s lien.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3547, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.124. INCEPTION OF MECHANIC’S LIEN. (a) Except as provided by Subsection
(e), for purposes of Section 53.123, the time of inception of a mechanic’s lien is the
commencement of construction of improvements or delivery of materials to the land on which
the improvements are to be located and on which the materials are to be used.
(b) The construction or materials under Subsection (a) must be visible from inspection of the
land on which the improvements are being made.
(c) An owner and original contractor may jointly file an affidavit of commencement with the
county clerk of the county in which the land is located not later than the 30th day after the date of
actual commencement of construction of the improvements or delivery of materials to the land.
The affidavit must contain:
(1) the name and address of the owner;
(2) the name and address of each original contractor, known at the time to the owner, that is
furnishing labor, service, or materials for the construction of the improvements;
(3) a description, legally sufficient for identification, of the property being improved;
(4) the date the work actually commenced; and
(5) a general description of the improvement.
(d) An affidavit filed in compliance with this section is prima facie evidence of the date of the
commencement of the improvement described in the affidavit. The time of inception of a
mechanic’s lien arising from work described in an affidavit of commencement is the date of
commencement of the work stated in the affidavit.
(e) The time of inception of a lien that is created under Section 53.021(c), (d), or (e) is the date
of recording of an affidavit of lien under Section 53.052. The priority of a lien claimed by a
person entitled to a lien under Section 53.021(c), (d), or (e) with respect to other mechanic’s liens
is determined by the date of recording. A lien created under Section 53.021(c), (d), or (e) is not
valid or enforceable against a grantee or purchaser who acquires an interest in the real property
before the time of inception of the lien.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3547, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 16 OF 43
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 19, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 851, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1,
1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 896, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 410,
Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
**
SUBCHAPTER G. RELEASE AND FORECLOSURE; ACTION ON CLAIM
Sec. 53.151. ENFORCEMENT OF REMEDIES AGAINST MONEY DUE ORIGINAL
CONTRACTOR OR SUBCONTRACTOR. (a) A creditor of an original contractor may not
collect, enforce a security interest against, garnish, or levy execution on the money due the
original contractor or the contractor’s surety from the owner, and a creditor of a subcontractor
may not collect, enforce a security interest against, garnish, or levy execution on the money due
the subcontractor, to the prejudice of the subcontractors, mechanics, laborers, materialmen, or
their sureties.
(b) A surety issuing a payment bond or performance bond in connection with the improvements
has a priority claim over other creditors of its principal to contract funds to the extent of any loss
it suffers or incurs. That priority does not excuse the surety from paying any obligations that it
may have under its payment bonds.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3548, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 20, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.152. RELEASE OF CLAIM OR LIEN. (a) When a debt for labor or materials is
satisfied or paid by collected funds, the person who furnished the labor or materials shall, not
later than the 10th day after the date of receipt of a written request, furnish to the requesting
person a release of the indebtedness and any lien claimed, to the extent of the indebtedness paid.
An owner, the original contractor, or any person making the payment may request the release.
(b) A release of lien must be in a form that would permit it to be filed of record.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3548, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.153. DEFENSE OF ACTIONS. (a) If an affidavit claiming a mechanic’s lien is filed
by a person other than the original contractor, the original contractor shall defend at his own
expense a suit brought on the claim.
(b) If the suit results in judgment on the lien against the owner or the owner’s property, the
owner is entitled to deduct the amount of the judgment and costs from any amount due the
original contractor. If the owner has settled with the original contractor in full, the owner is
entitled to recover from the original contractor any amount paid for which the original contractor
was originally liable.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 17 OF 43
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3548, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.154. FORECLOSURE. A mechanic’s lien may be foreclosed only on judgment of a
court of competent jurisdiction foreclosing the lien and ordering the sale of the property subject
to the lien.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3549, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.155. TRANSFER OF PROPERTY SOLD. If the house, building, improvement, or
any piece of railroad property is sold separately, the officer making the sale shall place the
purchaser in possession. The purchaser is entitled to a reasonable time after the date of purchase
within which to remove the purchased property.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3549, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.156. COSTS AND ATTORNEY’S FEES. In any proceeding to foreclose a lien or to
enforce a claim against a bond issued under Subchapter H, I, or J or in any proceeding to declare
that any lien or claim is invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, the court shall award costs
and reasonable attorney’s fees as are equitable and just. With respect to a lien or claim arising
out of a residential construction contract, the court is not required to order the property owner to
pay costs and attorney’s fees under this section.
Added by Acts 1984, 68th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 18, Sec. 4(a), eff. Oct. 2, 1984. Amended by Acts
1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 22, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 51, Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.157. DISCHARGE OF LIEN. A mechanic’s lien or affidavit claiming a mechanic’s
lien filed under Section 53.052 may be discharged of record by:
(1) recording a lien release signed by the claimant under Section 53.152;
(2) failing to institute suit to foreclose the lien in the county in which the property is located
within the period prescribed by Section 53.158, 53.175, or 53.208;
(3) recording the original or certified copy of a final judgment or decree of a court of competent
jurisdiction providing for the discharge;
(4) filing the bond and notice in compliance with Subchapter H;
(5) filing the bond in compliance with Subchapter I; or
(6) recording a certified copy of the order removing the lien under Section 53.160 and a
certificate from the clerk of the court that states that no bond or deposit as described by Section
53.161 was filed by the claimant within 30 days after the date the order was entered.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 18 OF 43
Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1997,
75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.158. PERIOD FOR BRINGING SUIT TO FORECLOSE LIEN. (a) Except as
provided by Subsection (b), suit must be brought to foreclose the lien within two years after the
last day a claimant may file the lien affidavit under Section 53.052 or within one year after
completion, termination, or abandonment of the work under the original contract under which the
lien is claimed, whichever is later.
(b) For a claim arising from a residential construction project, suit must be brought to foreclose
the lien within one year after the last day a claimant may file a lien affidavit under Section 53.052
or within one year after completion, termination, or abandonment of the work under the original
contract under which the lien is claimed, whichever is later.
Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1997,
75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1,
1999.
**
Sec. 53.159. OBLIGATION TO FURNISH INFORMATION. (a) An owner, on written
request, shall furnish the following information within a reasonable time, but not later than the
10th day after the date the request is received, to any person furnishing labor or materials for the
project:
(1) a description of the real property being improved legally sufficient to identify it;
(2) whether there is a surety bond and if so, the name and last known address of the surety and a
copy of the bond;
(3) whether there are any prior recorded liens or security interests on the real property being
improved and if so, the name and address of the person having the lien or security interest; and
(4) the date on which the original contract for the project was executed.
(b) An original contractor, on written request by a person who furnished work under the original
contract, shall furnish to the person the following information within a reasonable time, but not
later than the 10th day after the date the request is received:
(1) the name and last known address of the person to whom the original contractor furnished
labor or materials for the construction project;
(2) whether the original contractor has furnished or has been furnished a payment bond for any
of the work on the construction project and if so, the name and last known address of the surety
and a copy of the bond; and
(3) the date on which the original contract for the project was executed.
(c) A subcontractor, on written request by an owner of the property being improved, the original
contractor, a surety on a bond covering the original contract, or any person furnishing work under
the subcontract, shall furnish to the person the following information within a reasonable time,
but not later than the 10th day after the date the request is received:
(1) the name and last known address of each person from whom the subcontractor purchased
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 19 OF 43
labor or materials for the construction project, other than those materials that were furnished to
the project from the subcontractor’s inventory;
(2) the name and last known address of each person to whom the subcontractor furnished labor
or materials for the construction project; and
(3) whether the subcontractor has furnished or has been furnished a payment bond for any of the
work on the construction project and if so, the name and last known address of the surety and a
copy of the bond.
(d) Not later than the 30th day after the date a written request is received from the owner, the
contractor under whom a claim of lien or under whom a bond is made, or a surety on a bond on
which a claim is made, a claimant for a lien or under a bond shall furnish to the requesting person
a copy of any applicable written agreement, purchase order, or contract and any billing,
statement, or payment request of the claimant reflecting the amount claimed and the work
performed by the claimant for which the claim is made. If requested, the claimant shall provide
the estimated amount due for each calendar month in which the claimant has performed labor or
furnished materials.
(e) If a person from whom information is requested does not have a direct contractual
relationship on the project with the person requesting the information, the person from whom
information is requested, other than a claimant requested to furnish information under Subsection
(d), may require payment of the actual costs, not to exceed $25, in furnishing the requested
information.
(f) A person, other than a claimant requested to furnish information under Subsection (d), who
fails to furnish information as required by this section is liable to the requesting person for that
person’s reasonable and necessary costs incurred in procuring the requested information.
(g) A subcontractor who does not receive information requested under Subsection (a)(4) within
the period prescribed by Subsection (a) is not required to comply with Section 53.057 and may
perfect a lien for retainage by filing a lien affidavit under Section 53.052. This subsection
expires September 1, 2013.
Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.160. SUMMARY MOTION TO REMOVE INVALID OR UNENFORCEABLE
LIEN. (a) In a suit brought to foreclose a lien or to declare a claim or lien invalid or
unenforceable, a party objecting to the validity or enforceability of the claim or lien may file a
motion to remove the claim or lien. The motion must be verified and state the legal and factual
basis for objecting to the validity or enforceability of the claim or lien. The motion may be
accompanied by supporting affidavits.
(b) The grounds for objecting to the validity or enforceability of the claim or lien for purposes of
the motion are limited to the following:
(1) notice of claim was not furnished to the owner or original contractor as required by Section
53.056, 53.057, 53.058, 53.252, or 53.253;
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 20 OF 43
(2) an affidavit claiming a lien failed to comply with Section 53.054 or was not filed as required
by Section 53.052;
(3) notice of the filed affidavit was not furnished to the owner or original contractor as required
by Section 53.055;
(4) the deadlines for perfecting a lien claim for retainage under this chapter have expired and the
owner complied with the requirements of Section 53.101 and paid the retainage and all other
funds owed to the original contractor before:
(A) the claimant perfected the lien claim; and
(B) the owner received a notice of the claim as required by this chapter;
(5) all funds subject to the notice of a claim to the owner and a notice regarding the retainage
have been deposited in the registry of the court and the owner has no additional liability to the
claimant;
(6) when the lien affidavit was filed on homestead property:
(A) no contract was executed or filed as required by Section 53.254;
(B) the affidavit claiming a lien failed to contain the notice as required by Section 53.254; or
(C) the notice of the claim failed to include the statement required by Section 53.254; and
(7) the claimant executed a valid and enforceable waiver or release of the claim or lien claimed
in the affidavit.
(c) The claimant is not required to file a response. The claimant and any other party that has
appeared in the proceeding must be notified by at least 21 days before the date of the hearing on
the motion. A motion may not be heard before the 21st day after the date the claimant answers or
appears in the proceeding.
(d) At the hearing on the motion, the burden is on:
(1) the claimant to prove that the notice of claim and affidavit of lien were furnished to the
owner and original contractor as required by this chapter; and
(2) the movant to establish that the lien should be removed for any other ground authorized by
this section.
(e) The court shall promptly determine a motion to remove a claim or lien under this section. If
the court determines that the movant is not entitled to remove the lien, the court shall enter an
order denying the motion. If the court determines that the movant is entitled to remove the lien,
the court shall enter an order removing the lien claimed in the lien affidavit. A party to the
proceeding may not file an interlocutory appeal from the court’s order.
(f) Any admissible evidence offered at the hearing may be admitted in the trial of the case. The
court’s order under Subsection (e) is not admissible as evidence in determining the validity and
enforceability of the claim or lien.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 499, Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2011.
**
Sec. 53.161. BOND REQUIREMENTS AFTER ORDER TO REMOVE. (a) In the order
removing a lien, the court shall set the amount of security that the claimant may provide in order
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 21 OF 43
to stay the removal of the claim or lien. The sum must be an amount that the court determines is
a reasonable estimate of the costs and attorney’s fees the movant is likely to incur in the
proceeding to determine the validity or enforceability of the lien. The sum may not exceed the
amount of the lien claim.
(b) The court shall stay the order removing the lien if the claimant files a bond or a deposit in
lieu of a bond in the amount set in the order with the clerk of the court not later than the 30th day
after the date the order is entered by the court unless, for good cause, the court orders a later date
for filing the bond or the deposit in lieu of a bond. If the court fails to set the amount of the
security required, the amount required is the amount of the lien claim.
(c) The bond must be:
(1) executed by a corporate surety authorized to do business in this state and licensed by this
state to execute bonds as surety; and
(2) conditioned on the claimant’s payment of any final judgment rendered against the claimant in
the proceeding for attorney’s fees and costs to the movant under Section 53.156.
(d) In lieu of filing a bond, the claimant may deposit in the amount set by the court for the surety
bond:
(1) cash;
(2) a negotiable obligation of the federal government or a federal agency; or
(3) a negotiable obligation of a financial institution chartered by the federal or state government
that is insured by the federal government or a federal agency.
(e) A deposit made under Subsection (d) must be conditioned in the same manner as a surety
bond. Any interest accrued on the deposit amount is a part of the deposit.
(f) If the claimant fails to file the bond or the deposit in lieu of the bond in compliance with this
section, the owner may file:
(1) a certified copy of the order; and
(2) a certificate from the clerk of the court stating that:
(A) no bond or deposit in lieu of the bond was filed within 30 days after the date the order was
entered by the court; and
(B) no order staying the order to remove the lien was entered by the court.
(g) The claim or lien is removed and extinguished as to a creditor or subsequent purchaser for
valuable consideration who obtains an interest in the property after the certified copy of the order
and certificate of the clerk of the court are filed with the county clerk. The removal of the lien
does not constitute a release of the liability of the owner, if any, to the claimant.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.162. REVIVAL OF REMOVED LIEN. (a) If an order removing the lien is not stayed
as provided by Section 53.161 and the claimant later obtains a final judgment in the suit
establishing the validity and ordering the foreclosure of the lien, the claimant may file a certified
copy of the final judgment with the county clerk.
(b) The filed judgment revives the lien, and the claimant may foreclose the lien.
(c) A lien revived under this section is void as to a creditor or subsequent purchaser for valuable
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 22 OF 43
consideration who obtained an interest in the property:
(1) after the order removing the lien and the certificate from the clerk of the court was filed with
the county clerk; and
(2) before the final judgment reviving the lien was filed with the county clerk.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
SUBCHAPTER H. BOND TO INDEMNIFY AGAINST LIEN
Sec. 53.171. BOND. (a) If a lien, other than a lien granted by the owner in a written contract, is
fixed or is attempted to be fixed by a recorded instrument under this chapter, any person may file
a bond to indemnify against the lien.
(b) The bond shall be filed with the county clerk of the county in which the property subject to
the lien is located.
(c) A mechanic’s lien claim against an owner’s property is discharged after:
(1) a bond that complies with Section 53.172 is filed;
(2) the notice of the bond is issued as provided by Section 53.173; and
(3) the bond and notice are recorded as provided by Section 53.174.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3549, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 24, 39(1), eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 18, eff.
Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.172. BOND REQUIREMENTS. The bond must:
(1) describe the property on which the liens are claimed;
(2) refer to each lien claimed in a manner sufficient to identify it;
(3) be in an amount that is double the amount of the liens referred to in the bond unless the total
amount claimed in the liens exceeds $40,000, in which case the bond must be in an amount that
is the greater of 1-1/2 times the amount of the liens or the sum of $40,000 and the amount of the
liens;
(4) be payable to the parties claiming the liens;
(5) be executed by:
(A) the party filing the bond as principal; and
(B) a corporate surety authorized and admitted to do business under the law in this state and
licensed by this state to execute the bond as surety, subject to Section 1, Chapter 87, Acts of the
56th Legislature, Regular Session, 1959 (Article 7.19-1, Vernon’s Texas Insurance Code); and
(6) be conditioned substantially that the principal and sureties will pay to the named obligees or
to their assignees the amount that the named obligees would have been entitled to recover if their
claims had been proved to be valid and enforceable liens on the property.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3549, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 23 OF 43
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1132, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.173. NOTICE OF BOND. (a) After the bond is filed, the county clerk shall issue
notice of the bond to all named obligees.
(b) A copy of the bond must be attached to the notice.
(c) The notice must be served on each obligee by mailing a copy of the notice and the bond to
the obligee by certified United States mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the claimant at
the address stated in the lien affidavit for the obligee.
(d) If the claimant’s lien affidavit does not state the claimant’s address, the notice is not required
to be mailed to the claimant.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3550, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 26, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 19, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.174. RECORDING OF BOND AND NOTICE. (a) The county clerk shall record the
bond, the notice, and a certificate of mailing in the real property records.
(b) In acquiring an interest in or insuring title to real property, a purchaser, insurer of title, or
lender may rely on and is absolutely protected by the record of the bond and the notice to the
same extent as if the lien claimant had filed a release of lien in the real property records.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3550, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 27, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 20, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
Sec. 53.175. ACTION ON BOND. (a) A party making or holding a lien claim may not sue on
the bond later than one year after the date on which the notice is served or after the date on which
the underlying lien claim becomes unenforceable under Section 53.158.
(b) The bond is not exhausted by one action against it. Each named obligee or assignee of an
obligee may maintain a separate suit on the bond in any court of jurisdiction in the county in
which the real property is located.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3550, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 28, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1,
1997.
**
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 24 OF 43
SUBCHAPTER I. BOND TO PAY LIENS OR CLAIMS
Sec. 53.201. BOND. (a) An original contractor who has a written contract with the owner may
furnish at any time a bond for the benefit of claimants.
(b) If a valid bond is filed, a claimant may not file suit against the owner or the owner’s property
and the owner is relieved of obligations under Subchapter D or E.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3551, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th
Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 22, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.202. BOND REQUIREMENTS. The bond must:
(1) be in a penal sum at least equal to the total of the original contract amount;
(2) be in favor of the owner;
(3) have the written approval of the owner endorsed on it;
(4) be executed by:
(A) the original contractor as principal; and
(B) a corporate surety authorized and admitted to do business in this state and licensed by this
state to execute bonds as surety, subject to Section 1, Chapter 87, Acts of the 56th Legislature,
Regular Session, 1959 (Article 7.19-1, Vernon’s Texas Insurance Code);
(5) be conditioned on prompt payment for all labor, subcontracts, materials, specially fabricated
materials, and normal and usual extras not exceeding 15 percent of the contract price; and
(6) clearly and prominently display on the bond or on an attachment to the bond:
(A) the name, mailing address, physical address, and telephone number, including the area code,
of the surety company to which any notice of claim should be sent; or
(B) the toll-free telephone number maintained by the Texas Department of Insurance under
Subchapter B, Chapter 521, Insurance Code, and a statement that the address of the surety
company to which any notice of claim should be sent may be obtained from the Texas
Department of Insurance by calling the toll-free telephone number.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3551, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 29, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1132, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1,
1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 380, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
Amended by:
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728, Sec. 11.158, eff. September 1, 2005.
**
Sec. 53.203. RECORDING OF BOND AND CONTRACT. (a) The bond and the contract
between the original contractor and the owner shall be filed with the county clerk of the county in
which is located all or part of the owner’s property on which the construction or repair is being
performed or is to be performed. A memorandum of the contract or a copy of the contract may
be substituted for the original.
(b) The plans, specifications, and general conditions of the contract are not required to be filed.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 25 OF 43
(c) The county clerk shall record the bond and place the contract on file in the clerk’s office and
shall index and cross-index both in the names of the original contractor and the owner in records
kept for that purpose.
(d) On request and payment of a reasonable fee, the county clerk shall furnish a copy of the bond
and contract to any person.
(e) In any court of this state or in the United States, a copy of the bond and contract certified by
the county clerk constitutes prima facie evidence of the contents, execution, delivery, and filing
of the originals.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3551, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th
Leg., ch. 683, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 30, eff. Sept. 1,
1989.
**
Sec. 53.204. RELIANCE ON RECORD. A purchaser, lender, or other person acquiring an
interest in the owner’s property or an insurer of title is entitled to rely on the record of the bond
and contract as constituting payment of all claims and liens for labor, subcontracts, materials, or
specially fabricated materials incurred by the original contractor as if the purchaser, lender, or
other person acquiring an interest in the owner’s property or an insurer of title were the owner
who approved, accepted, and endorsed the bond and as if each person furnishing labor or
materials for the work performed under the original contract, other than the original contractor,
had filed a complete release and relinquishment of lien of record.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3552, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 31, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.205. ENFORCEABLE CLAIMS. (a) The bond protects all persons with a claim that
is:
(1) perfected in the manner prescribed for fixing a lien under Subchapter C or, if the claim
relates to a residential construction project, under Subchapter K; or
(2) perfected in the manner prescribed by Section 53.206.
(b) A claim or the rights to a claim under the bond may be assigned.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3552, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th
Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.206. PERFECTION OF CLAIM. (a) To perfect a claim against a bond in a manner
other than that prescribed by Subchapter C or K for fixing a lien, a person must:
(1) give to the original contractor all applicable notices under the appropriate subchapter; and
(2) give to the surety on the bond, instead of the owner, all notices under the appropriate
subchapter required to be given to the owner.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 26 OF 43
(b) To perfect a claim under this section, a person is not required to:
(1) give notice to the surety under Section 53.057, unless the claimant has a direct contractual
relationship with the original contractor and the agreed retainage is in excess of 10 percent of the
contract;
(2) give notice to the surety under Section 53.058(b) or, if the claim relates to a residential
construction project, under Section 53.253(c); or
(3) file any affidavit with the county clerk.
(c) For the claim to be valid, a person must give notice in the time and manner required by this
section, but the content of the notices need only provide fair notice of the amount and the nature
of the claim asserted.
(d) A person satisfies the requirements of this section relating to providing notice to the surety if
the person mails the notice by certified or registered mail to the surety:
(1) at the address stated on the bond or on an attachment to the bond;
(2) at the address on file with the Texas Department of Insurance; or
(3) at any other address allowed by law.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3552, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 32, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1,
1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 380, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
**
Sec. 53.207. OWNER’S NOTICE OF CLAIM TO SURETY. (a) If the owner receives any
of the notices or a lien is fixed under Subchapter C or K , the owner shall mail to the surety on
the bond a copy of all notices received.
(b) Failure of the owner to send copies of notices to the surety does not relieve the surety of any
liability under the bond if the claimant has complied with the requirements of this subchapter,
nor does that failure impose any liability on the owner.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3553, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th
Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.208. ACTION ON BOND. (a) A claimant may sue the principal and surety on the
bond either jointly or severally, if his claim remains unpaid for 60 days after the claimant perfects
the claim.
(b) The claimant may sue for the amount of the claim and court costs.
(c) The suit must be brought in the county in which the property being improved is located.
(d) If the bond is recorded at the time the lien is filed, the claimant must sue on the bond within
one year following perfection of his claim. If the bond is not recorded at the time the lien is filed,
the claimant must sue on the bond within two years following perfection of his claim.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3553, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 33, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 27 OF 43
Sec. 53.210. CLAIMS IN EXCESS OF BOND AMOUNT. If valid claims against the bond
exceed the penal sum of the bond, each claimant is entitled to a pro rata share of the penal sum.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3553, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.211. ATTEMPTED COMPLIANCE. (a) A bond shall be construed to comply with
this subchapter, and the rights and remedies on the bond are enforceable in the same manner as
on other bonds under this subchapter, if the bond:
(1) is furnished and filed in attempted compliance with this subchapter; or
(2) evidences by its terms intent to comply with this subchapter.
(b) Any provision in any payment bond furnished or filed in attempted compliance with this
subchapter that expands or restricts the rights or liabilities provided under this chapter shall be
disregarded and the provisions of this subchapter shall be read into that bond.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3554, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 34, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
SUBCHAPTER J. LIEN ON MONEY DUE PUBLIC WORKS CONTRACTOR
Sec. 53.231. LIEN. (a) A person who furnishes material or labor to a contractor under a prime
contract with a governmental entity other than a municipality or a joint board created under
Subchapter D, Chapter 22, Transportation Code, that does not exceed $25,000 and that is for
public improvements in this state and who gives notice required by this subchapter has a lien on
the money, bonds, or warrants due the contractor for the improvements.
(b) A person who furnishes material or labor to a contractor under a prime contract with a
municipality or a joint board created under Subchapter D, Chapter 22, Transportation Code, that
does not exceed $50,000 and that is for public improvements in this state and who gives notice
required by this subchapter has a lien on the money, bonds, or warrants due the contractor for the
improvements.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3554, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
Amended by:
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1304, Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009.
**
Sec. 53.232. TO WHOM NOTICE GIVEN; MANNER. The lien claimant must send written
notice of his claim by registered or certified mail to:
(1) the officials of the state, county, town, or municipality whose duty it is to pay the contractor;
and
(2) the contractor at the contractor’s last known business or residence address.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 28 OF 43
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3554, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.233. CONTENTS OF NOTICE. (a) Whether based on written or oral agreement, the
notice must contain:
(1) the amount claimed;
(2) the name of the party to whom the materials were delivered or for whom the labor was
performed;
(3) the dates and place of delivery or performance;
(4) a description reasonably sufficient to identify the materials delivered or labor performed and
the amount due;
(5) a description reasonably sufficient to identify the project for which the material was
delivered or the labor performed; and
(6) the claimant’s business address.
(b) The notice must be accompanied by a statement under oath that the amount claimed is just
and correct and that all payments, lawful offsets, and credits known to the affiant have been
allowed.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3554, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 35, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.234. TIME FOR NOTICE. The lien claimant must give notice not later than the 15th
day of the second month following the month in which the labor was performed or the material
furnished.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3555, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 36, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
Amended by:
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1304, Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.
**
Sec. 53.235. OFFICIAL TO RETAIN FUNDS. A public official who receives the notice may
not pay all of the money, bonds, or warrants due the contractor, but shall retain enough to pay the
claim for which notice is given.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3555, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.236. BOND FOR RELEASE OF LIEN. (a) If a claim is filed attempting to fix a lien
under this subchapter, the contractor against whom the claim is made may file a bond with the
officials of the state, county, town, or municipality whose duty it is to pay the money, bonds, or
warrants to the contractor.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 29 OF 43
(b) If the bond is approved by the proper official, its filing releases and discharges all liens fixed
or attempted to be fixed by the filing of a claim, and the appropriate officials shall pay the
money, bonds, or warrants to the contractor or the contractor’s assignee.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3555, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.237. BOND REQUIREMENTS. The bond must be:
(1) in an amount double the amount of the claims filed;
(2) payable to the claimants;
(3) executed by:
(A) the party filing the bond as principal; and
(B) a corporate surety authorized, admitted to do business, and licensed by the law of this state
to execute the bond as surety; and
(4) conditioned that:
(A) the principal and surety will pay to the obligees named or to their assignees the amount of
the claims or the portions of the claims proved to be liens under this subchapter; and
(B) the principal and surety will pay all court costs adjudged against the principal in actions
brought by a claimant on the bond.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3555, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st
Leg., ch. 1138, Sec. 37, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.
**
Sec. 53.238. NOTICE OF BOND. The official with whom the bond is filed shall send an exact
copy of the bond by registered mail or certified mail, return receipt requested, to all claimants.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3556, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
Sec. 53.239. ACTION ON BOND. (a) A claimant must sue on the bond within six months
after the bond is filed.
(b) The bond is not exhausted by one action on it. Each obligee or his assignee may maintain a
separate suit on the bond in any court of jurisdiction.
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3556, ch. 576, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1984.
**
SUBCHAPTER K. RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Sec. 53.251. PROCEDURES FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. (a)
This subchapter applies only to residential construction projects.
(b) A person must comply with this subchapter in addition to the other applicable provisions of
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 30 OF 43
this chapter to perfect a lien that arises from a claim resulting from a residential construction
project.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.252. DERIVATIVE CLAIMANT: NOTICE TO OWNER OR ORIGINAL
CONTRACTOR. (a) A claimant other than an original contractor must give the notice
prescribed by this section for the lien to be valid. If the property that is the subject of the lien is a
homestead, the notice must also comply with Section 53.254.
(b) The claimant must give to the owner or reputed owner and the original contractor written
notice of the unpaid balance. The claimant must give the notice not later than the 15th day of the
second month following each month in which all or part of the claimant’s labor was performed or
material or specially fabricated material was delivered.
(c) To authorize the owner to withhold funds under Subchapter D, the notice to the owner must
state that if the claim remains unpaid, the owner may be personally liable and the owner’s
property may be subjected to a lien unless:
(1) the owner withholds payments from the contractor for payment of the claim; or
(2) the claim is otherwise paid or settled.
(d) The notice must be sent by registered or certified mail and must be addressed to the owner or
reputed owner and the original contractor, as applicable, at the person’s last known business or
residence address.
(e) A copy of the statement or billing in the usual and customary form is sufficient as notice
under this section.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.253. DERIVATIVE CLAIMANT: NOTICE FOR SPECIALLY FABRICATED
ITEMS. (a) If specially fabricated materials have not been delivered to the property or
incorporated in the residential construction project, the claimant who specially fabricates material
for incorporation in the residential construction project must give notice under this section for the
lien to be valid.
(b) Once the specially fabricated materials have been delivered, the claimant must give notice
under Section 53.252.
(c) The claimant must give the owner or reputed owner notice not later than the 15th day of the
second month after the month in which the claimant receives and accepts the order for the
material. If the indebtedness is incurred by a person other than the original contractor, the
claimant must also give notice within that time to the original contractor.
(d) The notice must contain:
(1) a statement that the order has been received and accepted; and
(2) the price of the order.
(e) The notice must be sent by registered or certified mail to the last known business or residence
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 31 OF 43
address of the owner or the reputed owner or the original contractor, as applicable.
(f) The lien of a claimant who accepts an order but fails to give notice under this section is valid
as to delivered items if the claimant has given notice under Section 53.252.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.254. HOMESTEAD. (a) To fix a lien on a homestead, the person who is to furnish
material or perform labor and the owner must execute a written contract setting forth the terms of
the agreement.
(b) The contract must be executed before the material is furnished or the labor is performed.
(c) If the owner is married, the contract must be signed by both spouses.
(d) If the contract is made by an original contractor, the contract inures to the benefit of all
persons who labor or furnish material for the original contractor.
(e) The contract must be filed with the county clerk of the county in which the homestead is
located. The county clerk shall record the contract in records kept for that purpose.
(f) An affidavit for lien filed under this subchapter that relates to a homestead must contain the
following notice conspicuously printed, stamped, or typed in a size equal to at least 10-point
boldface or the computer equivalent, at the top of the page:
“NOTICE: THIS IS NOT A LIEN. THIS IS ONLY AN AFFIDAVIT CLAIMING A LIEN.”
(g) For the lien on a homestead to be valid, the notice required to be given to the owner under
Section 53.252 must include or have attached the following statement:
“If a subcontractor or supplier who furnishes materials or performs labor for construction of
improvements on your property is not paid, your property may be subject to a lien for the unpaid
amount if:
(1) after receiving notice of the unpaid claim from the claimant, you fail to withhold payment to
your contractor that is sufficient to cover the unpaid claim until the dispute is resolved; or
(2) during construction and for 30 days after completion of construction, you fail to retain 10
percent of the contract price or 10 percent of the value of the work performed by your contractor.
“If you have complied with the law regarding the 10 percent retainage and you have withheld
payment to the contractor sufficient to cover any written notice of claim and have paid that
amount, if any, to the claimant, any lien claim filed on your property by a subcontractor or
supplier, other than a person who contracted directly with you, will not be a valid lien on your
property. In addition, except for the required 10 percent retainage, you are not liable to a
subcontractor or supplier for any amount paid to your contractor before you received written
notice of the claim.”
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.255. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT REQUIRED FOR RESIDENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT. (a) Before a residential construction contract is executed by
the owner, the original contractor shall deliver to the owner a disclosure statement described by
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 32 OF 43
this section.
(b) The disclosure statement must read substantially similar to the following:
“KNOW YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER THE LAW. You are about to
enter into a transaction to build a new home or remodel existing residential property. Texas law
requires your contractor to provide you with this brief overview of some of your rights,
responsibilities, and risks in this transaction.
“CONVEYANCE TO CONTRACTOR NOT REQUIRED. Your contractor may not require you
to convey your real property to your contractor as a condition to the agreement for the
construction of improvements on your property.
“KNOW YOUR CONTRACTOR. Before you enter into your agreement for the construction of
improvements to your real property, make sure that you have investigated your contractor.
Obtain and verify references from other people who have used the contractor for the type and size
of construction project on your property.
“GET IT IN WRITING. Make sure that you have a written agreement with your contractor that
includes: (1) a description of the work the contractor is to perform; (2) the required or estimated
time for completion of the work; (3) the cost of the work or how the cost will be determined;
and (4) the procedure and method of payment, including provisions for statutory retainage and
conditions for final payment. If your contractor made a promise, warranty, or representation to
you concerning the work the contractor is to perform, make sure that promise, warranty, or
representation is specified in the written agreement. An oral promise that is not included in the
written agreement may not be enforceable under Texas law.
“READ BEFORE YOU SIGN. Do not sign any document before you have read and understood
it. NEVER SIGN A DOCUMENT THAT INCLUDES AN UNTRUE STATEMENT. Take your
time in reviewing documents. If you borrow money from a lender to pay for the improvements,
you are entitled to have the loan closing documents furnished to you for review at least one
business day before the closing. Do not waive this requirement unless a bona fide emergency or
another good cause exists, and make sure you understand the documents before you sign them. If
you fail to comply with the terms of the documents, you could lose your property. You are
entitled to have your own attorney review any documents. If you have any question about the
meaning of a document, consult an attorney.
“GET A LIST OF SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS. Before construction commences,
your contractor is required to provide you with a list of the subcontractors and suppliers the
contractor intends to use on your project. Your contractor is required to supply updated
information on any subcontractors and suppliers added after the list is provided. Your contractor
is not required to supply this information if you sign a written waiver of your rights to receive
this information.
“MONITOR THE WORK. Lenders and governmental authorities may inspect the work in
progress from time to time for their own purposes. These inspections are not intended as quality
control inspections. Quality control is a matter for you and your contractor. To ensure that your
home is being constructed in accordance with your wishes and specifications, you should inspect
the work yourself or have your own independent inspector review the work in progress.
“MONITOR PAYMENTS. If you use a lender, your lender is required to provide you with a
periodic statement showing the money disbursed by the lender from the proceeds of your loan.
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 33 OF 43
Each time your contractor requests payment from you or your lender for work performed, your
contractor is also required to furnish you with a disbursement statement that lists the name and
address of each subcontractor or supplier that the contractor intends to pay from the requested
funds. Review these statements and make sure that the money is being properly disbursed.
“CLAIMS BY SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS. Under Texas law, if a subcontractor or
supplier who furnishes labor or materials for the construction of improvements on your property
is not paid, you may become liable and your property may be subject to a lien for the unpaid
amount, even if you have not contracted directly with the subcontractor or supplier. To avoid
liability, you should take the following actions:
(1) If you receive a written notice from a subcontractor or supplier, you should withhold
payment from your contractor for the amount of the claim stated in the notice until the dispute
between your contractor and the subcontractor or supplier is resolved. If your lender is
disbursing money directly to your contractor, you should immediately provide a copy of the
notice to your lender and instruct the lender to withhold payment in the amount of the claim
stated in the notice. If you continue to pay the contractor after receiving the written notice
without withholding the amount of the claim, you may be liable and your property may be subject
to a lien for the amount you failed to withhold.
(2) During construction and for 30 days after final completion, termination, or abandonment of
the contract by the contractor, you should withhold or cause your lender to withhold 10 percent
of the amount of payments made for the work performed by your contractor. This is sometimes
referred to as “statutory retainage.’ If you choose not to withhold the 10 percent for at least 30
days after final completion, termination, or abandonment of the contract by the contractor and if a
valid claim is timely made by a claimant and your contractor fails to pay the claim, you may be
personally liable and your property may be subject to a lien up to the amount that you failed to
withhold.
“If a claim is not paid within a certain time period, the claimant is required to file a mechanic’s
lien affidavit in the real property records in the county where the property is located. A
mechanic’s lien affidavit is not a lien on your property, but the filing of the affidavit could result
in a court imposing a lien on your property if the claimant is successful in litigation to enforce the
lien claim.
“SOME CLAIMS MAY NOT BE VALID. When you receive a written notice of a claim or when
a mechanic’s lien affidavit is filed on your property, you should know your legal rights and
responsibilities regarding the claim. Not all claims are valid. A notice of a claim by a
subcontractor or supplier is required to be sent, and the mechanic’s lien affidavit is required to be
filed, within strict time periods. The notice and the affidavit must contain certain information.
All claimants may not fully comply with the legal requirements to collect on a claim. If you have
paid the contractor in full before receiving a notice of a claim and have fully complied with the
law regarding statutory retainage, you may not be liable for that claim. Accordingly, you should
consult your attorney when you receive a written notice of a claim to determine the true extent of
your liability or potential liability for that claim.
“OBTAIN A LIEN RELEASE AND A BILLS-PAID AFFIDAVIT. When you receive a notice of
claim, do not release withheld funds without obtaining a signed and notarized release of lien and
claim from the claimant. You can also reduce the risk of having a claim filed by a subcontractor
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 34 OF 43
or supplier by requiring as a condition of each payment made by you or your lender that your
contractor furnish you with an affidavit stating that all bills have been paid. Under Texas law, on
final completion of the work and before final payment, the contractor is required to furnish you
with an affidavit stating that all bills have been paid. If the contractor discloses any unpaid bill in
the affidavit, you should withhold payment in the amount of the unpaid bill until you receive a
waiver of lien or release from that subcontractor or supplier.
“OBTAIN TITLE INSURANCE PROTECTION. You may be able to obtain a title insurance
policy to insure that the title to your property and the existing improvements on your property are
free from liens claimed by subcontractors and suppliers. If your policy is issued before the
improvements are completed and covers the value of the improvements to be completed, you
should obtain, on the completion of the improvements and as a condition of your final payment, a
‘completion of improvements’ policy endorsement. This endorsement will protect your property
from liens claimed by subcontractors and suppliers that may arise from the date the original title
policy is issued to the date of the endorsement.”
(c) The failure of a contractor to comply with this section does not invalidate a lien under this
chapter, a contract lien, or a deed of trust.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999,
76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.256. LIST OF SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS. (a) Except as provided by
Subsection (d), for the construction of improvements under a residential construction contract,
the original contractor shall:
(1) furnish to the owner before the commencement of construction a written list that identifies
by name, address, and telephone number each subcontractor and supplier the contractor intends
to use in the work to be performed; and
(2) provide the owner with an updated list of subcontractors and suppliers not later than the 15th
day after the date a subcontractor or supplier is added or deleted.
(b) The list must contain the following notice conspicuously printed, stamped, or typed in a size
equal to at least 10-point boldface or the computer equivalent:
“NOTICE: THIS LIST OF SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS MAY NOT BE A FINAL
LISTING. UNLESS YOU SIGN A WAIVER OF YOUR RIGHT TO RECEIVE UPDATED
INFORMATION, THE CONTRACTOR IS REQUIRED BY LAW TO SUPPLY UPDATED
INFORMATION, AS THE INFORMATION BECOMES AVAILABLE, FOR EACH
SUBCONTRACTOR OR SUPPLIER USED IN THE WORK PERFORMED ON YOUR
RESIDENCE.”
(c) The failure of a contractor to comply with this section does not invalidate a lien under this
chapter, a contract lien, or a deed of trust.
(d) An owner may waive the right to receive the list of subcontractors and suppliers or any
updated information required by this section only as provided by this subsection. The waiver
must be in writing and may be included in the residential construction contract. If the waiver is
not included as a provision of the residential construction contract, the separate waiver statement
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 35 OF 43
must be signed by the owner. The waiver must be conspicuously printed in at least 10-point
bold-faced type and read substantially similar to the following:
“WAIVER OF THE LIST OF SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS. AN OWNER IS NOT
REQUIRED TO WAIVE THE RIGHT GRANTED BY SECTION 53.256, PROPERTY CODE,
TO RECEIVE FROM THE CONTRACTOR AN ORIGINAL OR UPDATED LIST OF
SUBCONTRACTORS AND SUPPLIERS.
“BY SIGNING THIS DOCUMENT, I AGREE TO WAIVE MY RIGHT TO RECEIVE FROM
THE CONTRACTOR AN ORIGINAL OR UPDATED LIST OF SUBCONTRACTORS AND
SUPPLIERS.
“I UNDERSTAND AND ACKNOWLEDGE THAT, AFTER SIGNING THIS DOCUMENT,
THIS WAIVER MAY NOT BE CANCELED AT A LATER DATE.
“I HAVE VOLUNTARILY CONSENTED TO THIS WAIVER.”
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999,
76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.257. PROVISIONS RELATED TO CLOSING OF LOAN FOR CONSTRUCTION
OF IMPROVEMENTS. (a) If the owner is obtaining third-party financing for the construction
of improvements under a residential construction contract, the lender shall deliver to the owner
all documentation relating to the closing of the loan not later than one business day before the
date of the closing. If a bona fide emergency or another good cause exists and the lender obtains
the written consent of the owner, the lender may provide the documentation to the owner or the
lender may modify previously provided documentation on the date of closing.
(b) The lender shall provide to the owner the disclosure statement described by Section
53.255(b). The disclosure statement must be provided to the owner before the date of closing. If
a bona fide emergency or another good cause exists and the lender obtains the written consent of
the owner, the lender may provide the disclosure statement at the closing. The lender shall retain
a signed and dated copy of the disclosure statement with the closing documents.
(c) The failure of a lender to comply with this section does not invalidate a lien under this
chapter, a contract lien, or a deed of trust.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.258. DISBURSEMENTS OF FUNDS. (a) At the time the original contractor requests
payment from the owner or the owner’s lender for the construction of improvements under a
residential construction contract, the original contractor shall provide to the owner a
disbursement statement. The statement may include any information agreed to by the owner and
the original contractor and must include at least the name and address of each person who
subcontracted directly with the original contractor and who the original contractor intends to pay
from the requested funds. The original contractor shall provide the disbursement statement:
(1) in the manner agreed to in writing by the owner and original contractor; or
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 36 OF 43
(2) if no agreement exists, by depositing the statement in the United States mail, first class,
postage paid, and properly addressed to the owner or by hand delivering the statement to the
owner before the original contractor receives the requested funds.
(b) If the owner finances the construction of improvements through a third party that advances
loan proceeds directly to the original contractor, the lender shall:
(1) obtain from the original contractor the signed disbursement statement required by Subsection
(a) that covers the funds for which the original contractor is requesting payment; and
(2) provide to the owner a statement of funds disbursed by the lender since the last statement
was provided to the owner.
(c) The lender shall provide to the owner the lender’s disbursement statement and the
disbursement statement the lender obtained from the contractor before the lender disburses the
funds to the original contractor. The disbursement statements may be provided in any manner
agreed to by the lender and the owner.
(d) The lender is not responsible for the accuracy of the information contained in the
disbursement statement obtained from the original contractor.
(e) The failure of a lender or an original contractor to comply with this section does not
invalidate a lien under this chapter, a contract lien, or a deed of trust.
(f) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly provides
false or misleading information in a disbursement statement required under this section. An
offense under this section is a misdemeanor. A person adjudged guilty of an offense under this
section shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $4,000 or confinement in jail for a term not to
exceed one year or both a fine and confinement. A person may not receive community
supervision for the offense.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999,
76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
Sec. 53.259. FINAL BILLS-PAID AFFIDAVIT REQUIRED. (a) As a condition of final
payment under a residential construction contract, the original contractor shall, at the time the
final payment is tendered, execute and deliver to the owner, or the owner’s agent, an affidavit
stating that the original contractor has paid each person in full for all labor and materials used in
the construction of improvements on the real property. If the original contractor has not paid
each person in full, the original contractor shall state in the affidavit the amount owed and the
name and, if known, the address and telephone number of each person to whom a payment is
owed.
(b) The seller of any real property on which a structure of not more than four units is constructed
and that is intended as the principal place of residence for the purchaser shall, at the closing of
the purchase of the real property, execute and deliver to the purchaser, or the purchaser’s agent,
an affidavit stating that the seller has paid each person in full for all labor and materials used in
the construction of improvements on the real property and that the seller is not indebted to any
person by reason of any construction. In the event that the seller has not paid each person in full,
the seller shall state in the affidavit the amount owed and the name and, if known, the address
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 37 OF 43
and telephone number of each person to whom a payment is owed.
(c) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly makes a
false or misleading statement in an affidavit under this section. An offense under this section is a
misdemeanor. A person adjudged guilty of an offense under this section shall be punished by a
fine not to exceed $4,000 or confinement in jail for a term not to exceed one year or both a fine
and confinement. A person may not receive community supervision for the offense.
(d) A person signing an affidavit under this section is personally liable for any loss or damage
resulting from any false or incorrect information in the affidavit.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
**
Sec. 53.260. CONVEYANCE TO CONTRACTOR NOT REQUIRED. An original
contractor may not require an owner of real property to convey the real property to the original
contractor or an entity controlled by the original contractor as a condition to the performance of
the residential construction contract for improvements to the real property.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999,
76th Leg., ch. 889, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.
**
SUBCHAPTER L. WAIVER AND RELEASE OF LIEN OR PAYMENT BOND CLAIM
Sec. 53.281. WAIVER AND RELEASE OF LIEN OR PAYMENT BOND CLAIM. (a)
Any waiver and release of a lien or payment bond claim under this chapter is unenforceable
unless a waiver and release is executed and delivered in accordance with this subchapter.
(b) A waiver and release is effective to release the owner, the owner’s property, the contractor,
and the surety on a payment bond from claims and liens only if:
(1) the waiver and release substantially complies with one of the forms prescribed by Section
53.284;
(2) the waiver and release is signed by the claimant or the claimant’s authorized agent and
notarized; and
(3) in the case of a conditional release, evidence of payment to the claimant exists.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
Sec. 53.282. CONDITIONS FOR WAIVER, RELEASE, OR IMPAIRMENT OF LIEN OR
PAYMENT BOND CLAIM. (a) A statement purporting to waive, release, or otherwise
adversely affect a lien or payment bond claim is not enforceable and does not create an estoppel
or impairment of a lien or payment bond claim unless:
(1) the statement is in writing and substantially complies with a form prescribed by Section
53.284;
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 38 OF 43
(2) the claimant has actually received payment in good and sufficient funds in full for the lien or
payment bond claim; or
(3) the statement is:
(A) in a written original contract or subcontract for the construction, remodel, or repair of a
single-family house, townhouse, or duplex or for land development related to a single-family
house, townhouse, or duplex; and
(B) made before labor or materials are provided under the original contract or subcontract.
(b) The filing of a lien rendered unenforceable by a lien waiver under Subsection (a)(3) does not
violate Section 12.002, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, unless:
(1) an owner or original contractor sends a written explanation of the basis for nonpayment,
evidence of the contractual waiver of lien rights, and a notice of request for release of the lien to
the claimant at the claimant’s address stated in the lien affidavit; and
(2) the lien claimant does not release the filed lien affidavit on or before the 14th day after the
date the owner or the original contractor sends the items required by Subdivision (1).
(c) Subsection (a)(3) does not apply to a person who supplies only material, and not labor, for
the construction, remodel, or repair of a single-family house, townhouse, or duplex or for land
development related to a single-family house, townhouse, or duplex.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
Sec. 53.283. UNCONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE: PAYMENT REQUIRED. A
person may not require a claimant or potential claimant to execute an unconditional waiver and
release for a progress payment or final payment amount unless the claimant or potential claimant
received payment in that amount in good and sufficient funds.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
Sec. 53.284. FORMS FOR WAIVER AND RELEASE OF LIEN OR PAYMENT BOND
CLAIM. (a) A waiver and release given by a claimant or potential claimant is unenforceable
unless it substantially complies with the applicable form described by Subsections (b)-(e).
(b) If a claimant or potential claimant is required to execute a waiver and release in exchange for
or to induce the payment of a progress payment and is not paid in exchange for the waiver and
release or if a single payee check or joint payee check is given in exchange for the waiver and
release, the waiver and release must read:
“CONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE ON PROGRESS PAYMENT
“Project ___________________
“Job No. ___________________
“On receipt by the signer of this document of a check from ________________ (maker of check)
in the sum of $__________ payable to _____________________ (payee or payees of check) and
when the check has been properly endorsed and has been paid by the bank on which it is drawn,
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 39 OF 43
this document becomes effective to release any mechanic’s lien right, any right arising from a
payment bond that complies with a state or federal statute, any common law payment bond right,
any claim for payment, and any rights under any similar ordinance, rule, or statute related to
claim or payment rights for persons in the signer’s position that the signer has on the property of
________________ (owner) located at ______________________ (location) to the following
extent: ______________________ (job description).
“This release covers a progress payment for all labor, services, equipment, or materials furnished
to the property or to __________________ (person with whom signer contracted) as indicated in
the attached statement(s) or progress payment request(s), except for unpaid retention, pending
modifications and changes, or other items furnished.
“Before any recipient of this document relies on this document, the recipient should verify
evidence of payment to the signer.
“The signer warrants that the signer has already paid or will use the funds received from this
progress payment to promptly pay in full all of the signer’s laborers, subcontractors, materialmen,
and suppliers for all work, materials, equipment, or services provided for or to the above
referenced project in regard to the attached statement(s) or progress payment request(s).
“Date ____________________________
“_________________________________ (Company name)
“By ______________________________ (Signature)
“_________________________________ (Title)”
(c) If a claimant or potential claimant is required to execute an unconditional waiver and release
to prove the receipt of good and sufficient funds for a progress payment and the claimant or
potential claimant asserts in the waiver and release that the claimant or potential claimant has
been paid the progress payment, the waiver and release must:
(1) contain a notice at the top of the document, printed in bold type at least as large as the largest
type used in the document, but not smaller than 10-point type, that reads:
“NOTICE:
“This document waives rights unconditionally and states that you have been paid for giving up
those rights. It is prohibited for a person to require you to sign this document if you have not
been paid the payment amount set forth below. If you have not been paid, use a conditional
release form.”; and
(2) below the notice, read:
“UNCONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE ON PROGRESS PAYMENT
“Project ___________________
“Job No. ___________________
“The signer of this document has been paid and has received a progress payment in the sum of
$___________ for all labor, services, equipment, or materials furnished to the property or to
_____________________ (person with whom signer contracted) on the property of
_______________________ (owner) located at ______________________ (location) to the
following extent: ______________________ (job description). The signer therefore waives and
releases any mechanic’s lien right, any right arising from a payment bond that complies with a
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 40 OF 43
state or federal statute, any common law payment bond right, any claim for payment, and any
rights under any similar ordinance, rule, or statute related to claim or payment rights for persons
in the signer’s position that the signer has on the above referenced project to the following extent:
“This release covers a progress payment for all labor, services, equipment, or materials furnished
to the property or to __________________ (person with whom signer contracted) as indicated in
the attached statement(s) or progress payment request(s), except for unpaid retention, pending
modifications and changes, or other items furnished.
“The signer warrants that the signer has already paid or will use the funds received from this
progress payment to promptly pay in full all of the signer’s laborers, subcontractors, materialmen,
and suppliers for all work, materials, equipment, or services provided for or to the above
referenced project in regard to the attached statement(s) or progress payment request(s).
“Date ____________________________
“_________________________________ (Company name)
“By ______________________________ (Signature)
“_________________________________ (Title)”
(d) If a claimant or potential claimant is required to execute a waiver and release in exchange for
or to induce the payment of a final payment and is not paid in good and sufficient funds in
exchange for the waiver and release or if a single payee check or joint payee check is given in
exchange for the waiver and release, the waiver and release must read:
“CONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE ON FINAL PAYMENT
“Project ___________________
“Job No. ___________________
“On receipt by the signer of this document of a check from ________________ (maker of check)
in the sum of $____________ payable to _____________________ (payee or payees of check)
and when the check has been properly endorsed and has been paid by the bank on which it is
drawn, this document becomes effective to release any mechanic’s lien right, any right arising
from a payment bond that complies with a state or federal statute, any common law payment
bond right, any claim for payment, and any rights under any similar ordinance, rule, or statute
related to claim or payment rights for persons in the signer’s position that the signer has on the
property of _____________________ (owner) located at ______________________ (location)
to the following extent: ______________________ (job description).
“This release covers the final payment to the signer for all labor, services, equipment, or
materials furnished to the property or to __________________ (person with whom signer
contracted).
“Before any recipient of this document relies on this document, the recipient should verify
evidence of payment to the signer.
“The signer warrants that the signer has already paid or will use the funds received from this final
payment to promptly pay in full all of the signer’s laborers, subcontractors, materialmen, and
suppliers for all work, materials, equipment, or services provided for or to the above referenced
project up to the date of this waiver and release.
“Date ____________________________
“_________________________________ (Company name)
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 41 OF 43
“By ______________________________ (Signature)
“_________________________________ (Title)”
(e) If a claimant or potential claimant is required to execute an unconditional waiver and release
to prove the receipt of good and sufficient funds for a final payment and the claimant or potential
claimant asserts in the waiver and release that the claimant or potential claimant has been paid
the final payment, the waiver and release must:
(1) contain a notice at the top of the document, printed in bold type at least as large as the largest
type used in the document, but not smaller than 10-point type, that reads:
“NOTICE:
“This document waives rights unconditionally and states that you have been paid for giving up
those rights. It is prohibited for a person to require you to sign this document if you have not
been paid the payment amount set forth below. If you have not been paid, use a conditional
release form.”; and
(2) below the notice, read:
“UNCONDITIONAL WAIVER AND RELEASE ON FINAL PAYMENT
“Project ___________________
“Job No. ___________________
“The signer of this document has been paid in full for all labor, services, equipment, or materials
furnished to the property or to ___________________ (person with whom signer contracted) on
the property of ______________________ (owner) located at ______________________
(location) to the following extent: ______________________ (job description). The signer
therefore waives and releases any mechanic’s lien right, any right arising from a payment bond
that complies with a state or federal statute, any common law payment bond right, any claim for
payment, and any rights under any similar ordinance, rule, or statute related to claim or payment
rights for persons in the signer’s position.
“The signer warrants that the signer has already paid or will use the funds received from this final
payment to promptly pay in full all of the signer’s laborers, subcontractors, materialmen, and
suppliers for all work, materials, equipment, or services provided for or to the above referenced
project up to the date of this waiver and release.
“Date ____________________________
“_________________________________ (Company name)
“By ______________________________ (Signature)
“_________________________________ (Title)”
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
For expiration of this section, see Subsection (c).
**
Sec. 53.285. ATTEMPTED COMPLIANCE. (a) A waiver or release shall be construed to
comply with this subchapter and is enforceable in the same manner as a waiver and release under
this subchapter if the waiver or release:
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 42 OF 43
(1) is furnished in attempted compliance with this subchapter; or
(2) evidences by its terms intent to comply with this subchapter.
(b) Any provision in any waiver or release furnished in attempted compliance with this
subchapter that expands or restricts the rights or liabilities provided under this subchapter shall
be disregarded and the provisions of this subchapter shall be read into that waiver or release.
(c) This section expires August 31, 2012.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
Sec. 53.286. PUBLIC POLICY. Notwithstanding any other law and except as provided by
Section 53.282, any contract, agreement, or understanding purporting to waive the right to file or
enforce any lien or claim created under this chapter is void as against public policy.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
Sec. 53.287. CERTAIN AGREEMENTS EXEMPT. This subchapter does not apply to a
written agreement to subordinate, release, waive, or satisfy all or part of a lien or bond claim in:
(1) an accord and satisfaction of an identified dispute;
(2) an agreement concerning an action pending in any court or arbitration proceeding; or
(3) an agreement that is executed after an affidavit claiming the lien has been filed or the bond
claim has been made.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 271, Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2012.
**
TEXAS PROPERTY CODE CHAPTER 53 – PAGE 43 OF 43
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
PRIVATE FORM #9
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION FROM SUBCONTRACTOR
[ (1) Date]
(2) CERTIFIED MAIL:
____________________ RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
RE: (3)
The undersigned (4) the above-referenced project. Pursuant to Section 53.159(c) of the Texas
Property Code, we request that you provide us with the following information within 10 days after receipt of this request:
(1) The name and last known address of each person from whom you purchased labor or materials for the
project, other than those materials which were furnished by you from your own inventory.
(2) The name and last known address of each person to whom you furnished labor or materials for the
construction project.
(3) Whether a payment bond has been provided by or to you on this project, and if so, the name and last
known address of the surety and a copy of the bond.
In the event you fail to furnish the above-requested information, you may be liable for the undersigned’s
reasonable and necessary costs incurred in procuring the requested information.
(5)
By: (6)
* * * * *
(1) Date of request.
(2) Name and address of subcontractor.
(3) Project.
(4) Fill in as applicable:
(a) is the owner of
(b) is the original contractor on
(c) is the surety which bonded the original contractor for
(d) has furnished work under your subcontract on.
(5) Your company.
(6) Officer of your company.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
PRIVATE FORM #8
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION FROM ORIGINAL CONTRACTOR
[ (1) Date]
(2) CERTIFIED MAIL:
____________________ RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
____________________
RE: (3)
We have furnished labor and/or materials for the above-referenced project. Pursuant to Section 53.159(b)
of the Texas Property Code, we request that you provide us with the following information within 10 days after receipt
of this request:
(1) The name and last known address of the person to whom you furnished labor or materials for the
project.
(2) Whether a payment bond has been provided by or to you on this project, and if so, the name and
last known address of the surety(s) and a copy of the bond(s).
In the event you fail to furnish the above-requested information, you may be liable for the undersigned’s
reasonable and necessary costs incurred in procuring the requested information.
(4)
By: (5)
* * * * *
(1) Date of request.
(2) Name and address of original contractor.
(3) Project.
(4) Your company.
(5) Officer of your company.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
Private Form #7 – REQUEST FOR INFORMATION FROM OWNER
(1) , 20____
(2) CERTIFIED MAIL:
____________________ RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
____________________
Re: (3)
We are furnishing labor and/or materials for the above-referenced project. Pursuant to Section 53.159(a) of
the Texas Property Code, we request that you provide us with the following information within 10 days after receipt of
this request:
(1) A legal description of the real property upon which the above-referenced project is being
constructed.
(2) Whether a payment bond has been provided to you on this project, and if so, the name and last known
address of the surety and a copy of the bond.
(3) Whether there are any prior recorded liens or security interests on the real property being improved
and if so, the name and address of the holder of the lien or security interest.
In the event you fail to furnish the above-requested information, you may be liable for the undersigned’s
reasonable and necessary costs incurred in procuring the requested information.
Also, we request you furnish our company with a copy of the affidavit of completion, if used, filed with the
county clerk for this project. Thank you for your attention to this request.
(4)
By: (5)
* * * * *
(1) Date of request.
(2) Name and address of owner.
(3) Project.
(4) Your Company.
(5) Officer of your Company.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
Private Form #6 – AFFIDAVIT CLAIMING LIEN
THE STATE OF TEXAS :
AFFIDAVIT CLAIMING LIEN
COUNTY OF (4) :
BEFORE ME, a notary public in and for the State of Texas, on this day personally appeared the undersigned,
who being by me duly sworn, on oath states:
1. My name is (1) . I am the (2) of (3) (“Claimant”) and am authorized
to make this affidavit on its behalf as the sworn statement of its claim.
2. Claimant furnished labor and/or materials for the improvement of the following described land in
(4) County, Texas:
(5)
3. The labor and/or material was furnished for such improvement to (6) . (7) .
4. (8) is the original contractor for such improvement.
5. (9) is the owner or reputed owner of the land and improvements thereon.
6. The kind of work done and/or material furnished by claimant is (10) and is made up of the
items shown on the attached Exhibit “A” which reflects the dates of Performance and/or delivery.
7. The amount unpaid for such furnishing and due and owing to claimant is $ (11) , which is true,
correct, and just, with all just and lawful offsets, payments, and credits known to affiant allowed.
8. Claimant’s address is (12) .
9. Claimant provided notices as required under Chapter 53 of the Texas Property Code on (13)
Claimant claims a lien against all the above described land and improvements thereon, including, without
limitation, removables, in the amount shown above pursuant to Chapter 53 of the Texas Property Code, [and/or the
Texas Constitution] and makes this sworn statement of claim in support thereof.
(3)
By: (1)
THE STATE OF TEXAS :
COUNTY OF ________ :
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this day personally appeared (1) , (2) of
(3) , known to me to be the person and officer whose name is subscribed to the foregoing instrument, who after
being by me duly sworn acknowledged that the statements contained above are true and correct and that he executed the
same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed, in the capacity therein stated, and as the act and deed of said
(14) .
Given under my hand and seal of office this ____ day of _________, 20___.
_____________________________________
Notary Public – State of Texas
______________________________________
Typed or Printed Name of Notary Public
My Commission Expires:
______________________
* * * * *
(1) Name of the person signing the affidavit.
(2) Position of the affiant with the claimant, such as credit manager, controller, owner, partner, president, etc.
(3) Name of claimant.
(4) County in which the land is located.
(5) Legal description of the land, e.g.:
(a) Lot 1, Block 2, Jones Subdivision of the City of Austin, per plat recorded in Volume ___, Page
_____, Plat Records, Travis County, Texas; or
(b) The 50 acres covered by the deed from Frederic N. Freeloader to Horace P. Homeowner, dated
________, recorded in Volume _____, Page _____, Deed Records, Travis County, Texas, which is
referred to for a more complete description.
(6) Name of the general contractor or subcontractor for whom work was done or material was furnished. If a
subcontractor, add “a subcontractor.”
(7) If the work or material was furnished under a written contract, it is preferable to attach the contract and
insert, “The labor and/or material was furnished under a written contract which is attached hereto and made
a part hereof.”
(8) Name of original (general) contractor.
(9) Name of property owner.
(10) General description of work done or materials supplied.
(11) Amount due, including retainage.
(12) Your business address.
(13) Dates of prior notices.
(14) e.g., partnership, corporation, etc.
Note: Original contractors (those contracting with the owner) also have a Texas Constitutional lien. If appropriate, you
may wish to claim such a lien.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
Private Form #5 – DEMAND FOR PAYMENT
[Date]
(1) Certified Mail
____________________ Return Receipt Requested
Dear Sir:
We have furnished (2) to (3) , (4) on the construction in progress on your property at
(5) . We have not been paid the amounts due us for the month of (6) in the amount of $ (7) .
Demand is hereby made for the payment of our claim from funds withheld by you as owner.
Should you have any question concerning our claim or this notice, please advise us. We will appreciate being
advised if there is a dispute as to our claim from the contractor.
Sincerely,
(8)
(9)
cc: (10)
(11)
* * * * *
(1) Letter addressed to the owner of the property being improved sent by Certified Mail
(2) Indicate generally what has been furnished.
(3) Name of the person to whom you furnished goods or labor.
(4) Indicate status of the person to whom you furnish, such as “contractor or “subcontractor”
(5) The address of the job, street, number and city.
(6) Indicate the month during which work was done for which payment has not been received.
(7) The amount due.
(8) Your company.
(9) Person signing letter and capacity.
(10) Send copy to general contractor.
(11) Send copy to your customer, if other than the general contractor.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
INSTRUCTIONS: Inspect the project and carefully check whether all items meet the project specifications. Initial in the space marked “Satisfactory” if the item meets with your approval. If an item is not satisfactory, describe the problem in the “Description” field. Add additional information where necessary. Modify the list to fit your finish schedule. After work on the noted items has been completed, you will need to make a second inspection and initial in the last box for final approval.
Item
Satisfactory
Description
Approval
Foyer
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Dining Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Initialed by: Buyer ___ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Item
Satisfactory
Description
Approval
Living Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Woodwork
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Fireplace
Kitchen
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Cabinets
Countertop
Sink
Oven and Range
Hood and exhaust fan
Microwave
Dishwasher
Disposal
Breakfast Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Initialed by: Buyer___ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Item
Satisfactory
Description
Approval
Family Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Woodwork
Powder Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Vanity
Toilet
Towel Bar
Paper Holder
Utility Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Cabinets
Hot Water Heater
Furnace/Heat Pump
Washer Hookup
Dryer Hookup
Initialed by: Buyer____ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Item
Satisfactory
Description
Approval
Master Bedroom
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Master Bath
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Vanity
Toilet
Tub
Shower
Shower Door
Towel Bar
Paper Holder
Bedroom Two
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Bedroom Three
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Initialed by: Buyer___ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Bedroom Four
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Bedroom Five
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Bath Two
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Vanity
Toilet
Tub
Shower
Shower Door
Towel Bar
Paper Holder
Initialed by: Buyer____ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Bath Three
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Vanity
Tub
Shower
Shower Door
Towel Bar
Paper Holder
Bath Four
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Vanity
Tub
Shower
Shower Door
Towel Bar
Paper Holder
Hallway
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Initialed by: Buyer___ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Study/Library
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Additional Room
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Garage
Floors
Ceilings
Walls
Light Fixtures
Windows
Doors
Trim Mouldings
Garage Door/s
Garage Door Opener
Storage Area
Exterior
Paint
Exterior Veneer
Chimney
Roof
Doors
Walkways
Driveway
Light Fixtures
Outlets
Vents, dryer, fans, etc.
Initialed by: Buyer___ Contractor ___
Inspection Check List
Project Name
Miscellaneous
FIRST INSPECTION
Having inspected the project listed herein, except for those specific items listed above, the Buyer accepts the project as is, in satisfactory condition and understands the buyer will not have a claim against the contractor for any overlooked items not listed above that could have been seen in the buyer’s inspection. The Buyer has discussed the specific items with the contractor and understands that the contractor makes no other guarantees or warranties other than those that are stated in the contract documents.
Having re-inspected the project listed herein, the Buyer has initialed all items from the initial inspection that needed to be completed. By signing below, the Buyer agrees that the project is in satisfactory condition, and understands the coverage and duration of all Limited Warranties have been limited to one year from the date of occupancy or final payment, whichever comes first.
Williams, McClure & Parmelee is dedicated to high quality legal representation of businesses and insurance companies in a variety of matters. We are experienced Texas civil litigation attorneys based in Fort Worth who know Texas courts and Texas law. For more information, please contact the law firm at 817-335-8800. The firm’s new office location is 5601 Bridge Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76112.
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